﻿[19] 
  DEVELOPMENT 
  OF 
  THE 
  CETACEA. 
  445 
  

  

  plantar 
  fascia 
  of 
  the 
  perforated 
  tendon 
  of 
  the 
  fourth 
  digit. 
  The 
  other- 
  

   perforated 
  tendons 
  seem 
  to 
  arise 
  from 
  the 
  fascia 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  cal- 
  

   caneus." 
  

  

  Professor 
  Humphrey 
  has 
  also 
  noticed 
  the 
  inclusion 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  limbs 
  

   of 
  the 
  seal 
  in 
  a 
  paper* 
  from 
  which 
  I 
  quote 
  these 
  words 
  : 
  " 
  In 
  Phoca 
  the 
  

   knees 
  are 
  bent 
  up 
  beneath 
  the 
  abdominal 
  muscles 
  and 
  the 
  two 
  hinder 
  

   limbs 
  are 
  inclosed 
  with 
  the 
  tail 
  for 
  some 
  distance, 
  in 
  one 
  fold, 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  

   form 
  a 
  flattened 
  termination 
  to 
  the 
  animal, 
  reminding 
  us 
  not 
  a 
  little 
  of 
  

   tlie 
  tail 
  of 
  a 
  cetacean 
  ; 
  the 
  wing-like 
  processes 
  of 
  which 
  (the 
  flukes) 
  

   might 
  seem 
  to 
  be 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  laterally 
  expanded 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  

   seal." 
  

  

  Dr. 
  Humphrey's 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  muscles 
  of 
  the 
  hind 
  limb 
  of 
  Phoca 
  

   communis 
  differs 
  slightly 
  from 
  that 
  given 
  by 
  Professor 
  Huxley. 
  The 
  

   Hiaeu8 
  intemus, 
  according 
  to 
  Humphrey, 
  was 
  represented 
  only 
  by 
  a 
  

   few 
  iibers 
  passing 
  from 
  the 
  anterior 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ilium 
  (internal 
  to 
  

   the 
  attachment 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  quadratus 
  lumborum 
  which 
  occupies 
  

   almost 
  all 
  this 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  ilium), 
  and 
  joining 
  the 
  psoas 
  in 
  the 
  thigh. 
  

  

  The 
  psoas 
  magnus 
  is 
  present, 
  according 
  to 
  Humphrey, 
  in 
  Phoca, 
  aris- 
  

   ing 
  from 
  the 
  lumbar 
  transverse 
  processes 
  and 
  last 
  rib, 
  and 
  is 
  inserted 
  into 
  

   the 
  brim 
  of 
  the 
  pelvis 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  the 
  hip-joint 
  ; 
  some 
  of 
  its 
  iibers 
  were 
  

   continued 
  down 
  the 
  inner 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  thigh, 
  and 
  inserted 
  into 
  the 
  large 
  

   rough 
  supra-condyloid 
  ridge. 
  These 
  were 
  chiefly 
  the 
  libers 
  that 
  arise 
  

   lowest 
  down, 
  and 
  which 
  had 
  therefore 
  a 
  nearly 
  horizontal 
  course. 
  It 
  is 
  

   remarked, 
  however, 
  in 
  a 
  foot-note, 
  that 
  : 
  " 
  It 
  may 
  be 
  a 
  question 
  whether 
  

   these 
  fibers, 
  arising 
  low 
  down 
  and 
  passing 
  to 
  the 
  femur, 
  appertain 
  to 
  

   the 
  psoas 
  or 
  iliacus. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  no 
  distinct 
  internal 
  trochanter 
  in 
  the 
  seal, 
  and 
  none 
  of 
  the 
  

   fibers, 
  either 
  of 
  the 
  j^oas, 
  or 
  iliacus 
  interims, 
  arc 
  inserted 
  in 
  that 
  situa- 
  

   tion, 
  translocation 
  backwards 
  of 
  these 
  insertions, 
  as 
  noted 
  above, 
  having 
  

   occurred. 
  

  

  Psoas 
  parvus 
  was 
  large, 
  and 
  arose 
  from 
  the 
  bodies 
  of 
  the 
  lumbar 
  ver- 
  

   tebra? 
  and 
  slightly 
  from 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  hindmost 
  rib, 
  and 
  was 
  inserted 
  

   into 
  a 
  projecting 
  process 
  of 
  the 
  pubes 
  internal 
  to 
  the 
  psoas 
  magnus. 
  

  

  The 
  gracilis 
  in 
  Phoca 
  is 
  very 
  broad, 
  and 
  covers 
  the 
  symphysis 
  pubis, 
  

   being 
  continuous 
  with 
  the 
  muscle 
  of 
  the 
  opposite 
  side. 
  The 
  chief 
  direc- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  its 
  fibers 
  is 
  transverse, 
  but 
  they 
  radiate 
  as 
  they 
  approach 
  the 
  

   leg, 
  the 
  upper 
  fibers 
  ascending 
  nearly 
  to 
  the 
  knee, 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  fibers 
  

   descending 
  to 
  the 
  inner 
  ankle, 
  covering 
  the 
  interval 
  between 
  the 
  internal 
  

   malleolus 
  and 
  os 
  calcis, 
  and 
  extending 
  as 
  a 
  fascial 
  expansion 
  over 
  the 
  

   plantar 
  fascia 
  and 
  muscles. 
  Many 
  of 
  its 
  fibers 
  are 
  inserted 
  at 
  right- 
  

   angles, 
  or 
  nearly 
  so, 
  into 
  a 
  tendon 
  which 
  ran 
  along 
  its 
  fore-part 
  parallel 
  

   with 
  the 
  tibia. 
  This 
  tendon, 
  passing 
  the 
  inner 
  ankle, 
  is 
  continued 
  on 
  the 
  

   plantar 
  aspect 
  of 
  the 
  hallux 
  into 
  a 
  tendon 
  which 
  represented 
  the 
  flexor 
  

   brevis 
  and 
  adductor 
  hallucis, 
  and 
  was 
  inserted 
  with 
  them 
  into 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  

  

  * 
  Oa 
  the 
  myology 
  of 
  Orijctcropus 
  capcnsls 
  and 
  Phoca 
  communis, 
  Jouru. 
  Anat. 
  and 
  

   Physiology, 
  II, 
  1868, 
  pp. 
  290-322, 
  plates 
  III-VI. 
  

  

  