﻿[41] 
  DEVELOPMENT 
  OF 
  THE 
  CETACEA. 
  4G7 
  

  

  a 
  levator 
  caudae, 
  evidently 
  No. 
  3 
  above. 
  Rapp* 
  and 
  Stannius 
  t 
  coincide 
  

   that 
  there 
  obtains 
  : 
  A 
  splenitis 
  capitus 
  longissimus 
  and 
  spinalis 
  dorsi, 
  

   sacro-lumbalis 
  and 
  transversarius 
  superior 
  and 
  inferior. 
  The 
  former 
  

   thiuks 
  the 
  great 
  lower 
  loin-muscle 
  a 
  psoas 
  major; 
  to 
  the 
  latter 
  it 
  im- 
  

   plies 
  more. 
  Stannius, 
  moreover, 
  describes 
  a 
  caudalis 
  superior, 
  a 
  cau- 
  

   dalis 
  inferior, 
  a 
  longissimus 
  inferior, 
  a 
  sacro-lumbalis 
  inferior, 
  and 
  a 
  set 
  

   of 
  caudal 
  muscles 
  unnamed 
  by 
  him. 
  He 
  also 
  traces 
  the 
  short, 
  deep 
  

   spinal 
  muscles, 
  of 
  which 
  more 
  hereafter. 
  Carte 
  and 
  Macalister, 
  in 
  the 
  

   piked 
  whale,| 
  have 
  noticed 
  a 
  trachelo-mastoid, 
  a 
  longissimus 
  dorsi, 
  a 
  

   sacro-lumbalis, 
  with 
  a 
  slip 
  supposed 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  homologue 
  of 
  splenius 
  

   capitis, 
  a 
  levator 
  caudae, 
  a 
  depressor 
  caudae 
  major, 
  and 
  depressor 
  caudae 
  

   minor. 
  

  

  " 
  Notwithstanding 
  the 
  amplitude 
  of 
  nomenclature 
  and 
  recognition 
  of 
  

   two 
  or 
  more 
  en 
  masse 
  or 
  separate, 
  the 
  anterior 
  divisions 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  

   observers 
  present 
  a 
  certain 
  harmony 
  ; 
  but 
  there 
  is 
  less 
  concord 
  of 
  opin- 
  

   ion 
  regarding 
  the 
  posterior 
  tendinous 
  parts 
  and 
  infero-lumbar 
  region. 
  

   Eapp 
  and 
  Stannius 
  differentiate 
  as 
  transversarius 
  superior 
  the 
  com- 
  

   pound 
  tendinous 
  enwrapping 
  sheath 
  of 
  the 
  longissimus 
  and 
  spinalis 
  as 
  

   described 
  by 
  me. 
  But 
  the 
  latter, 
  moreover, 
  unites 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  anterior 
  

   fleshy 
  belly 
  of 
  my 
  supracaudal, 
  and 
  traces 
  it 
  forwards 
  to 
  the 
  ribs, 
  thorax, 
  

   and 
  neck, 
  i. 
  e., 
  includes 
  part 
  of 
  what 
  more 
  strictly 
  is 
  sacro-lumbalis 
  and 
  

   cervicalis 
  ascendens. 
  Carte 
  and 
  Macalister's 
  levator 
  caudae 
  agrees 
  par- 
  

   tially 
  with 
  Rapp's 
  transversarius, 
  and 
  partially 
  with 
  Stannius's 
  caudalis 
  

   superior. 
  The 
  latter 
  muscle, 
  again, 
  is 
  equivalent 
  to 
  Meckel's 
  flexor 
  cau- 
  

   dae 
  lateralis 
  and 
  F. 
  Cuvier's 
  levator 
  caudae, 
  one 
  and 
  the 
  same 
  with 
  my 
  

   supracaudal. 
  None 
  suggest 
  the 
  superior 
  superficial 
  terminal 
  tendons, 
  

   or 
  aggregate 
  fibrous 
  investing-sheaths 
  of 
  the 
  longissimus 
  and 
  spinalis, 
  

   dorsi, 
  as 
  the 
  homologues 
  of 
  the 
  levatores 
  caudae 
  externus 
  and 
  internus 
  

   of 
  other 
  mammals. 
  Yet 
  in 
  every 
  sense 
  they 
  are 
  undoubtedly 
  such, 
  con- 
  

   tinuity 
  with 
  the 
  dorsal 
  fleshy 
  masses 
  being 
  the 
  only 
  special 
  deviation 
  

   from 
  their 
  usual 
  condition. 
  The 
  cetacean 
  supracaudal, 
  again, 
  offers 
  hom- 
  

   ology 
  in 
  its 
  posterior 
  short 
  slips 
  with 
  the 
  intertransversarii 
  caudae 
  of 
  the 
  

   quadrupeds 
  ; 
  it 
  is 
  longer 
  bellied 
  and 
  more 
  fleshy, 
  anterior 
  moiety 
  being 
  

   occasionally 
  in 
  mammals 
  almost 
  separate 
  from 
  the 
  intertransversarii 
  

   caudae, 
  though 
  not 
  specially 
  recognized 
  as 
  a 
  distinct 
  muscle. 
  In 
  Man- 
  

   atuSf 
  however, 
  it 
  is 
  uncommonly 
  well 
  developed, 
  and 
  has 
  been 
  named 
  

   by 
  me 
  lumbo-caudalis. 
  The 
  inferior 
  depressor 
  caudae 
  of 
  Meckel, 
  depres- 
  

   sor 
  caudae 
  minor 
  of 
  Carte 
  and 
  Macalister, 
  caudalis 
  inferior 
  of 
  Stannius, 
  

   and 
  his 
  unnamed 
  musculotendinous 
  caudal 
  bundles, 
  correspond 
  with 
  

   the 
  present 
  infracaudal. 
  

  

  " 
  As 
  regards 
  the 
  depressor 
  caudae 
  of 
  Cuvier 
  and 
  Meckel, 
  the 
  depres- 
  

   sor 
  caudae 
  major 
  of 
  Carte 
  and 
  Macalister, 
  this 
  undoubtedly 
  is 
  Rapp's 
  

   psoas 
  major, 
  &c. 
  Stannius 
  viewed 
  it 
  as 
  composed 
  of 
  three 
  divisions, 
  

  

  * 
  Die 
  Cetaceen, 
  zool-auat. 
  dargestellt, 
  1837, 
  p. 
  92. 
  

  

  t 
  Muller's 
  Arcliiv, 
  1849, 
  pp. 
  22-32. 
  

  

  t 
  On 
  the 
  anatomy 
  of 
  Balamojitera 
  roslrata, 
  Philos. 
  Trans., 
  1868, 
  p. 
  225. 
  

  

  