﻿[17] 
  DEVELOPMENT 
  OF 
  OSSEOUS 
  FISHES. 
  505 
  

  

  must 
  suffice. 
  The 
  striped 
  bass 
  was 
  the 
  male 
  and 
  the 
  shad 
  the 
  female 
  

   parent 
  in 
  this 
  case. 
  

  

  Teeth 
  more 
  numerous 
  and 
  more 
  recurved 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  jaw; 
  at 
  least 
  

   three 
  pairs 
  present; 
  only 
  two 
  pairs 
  in 
  the 
  larva 
  1 
  of 
  i 
  be 
  shad 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   age. 
  Lower 
  jaw 
  longer, 
  with 
  the 
  gape 
  of 
  the 
  mouth 
  much 
  wider; 
  ear 
  

   capsule 
  proportionally 
  much 
  larger 
  than 
  in 
  shad 
  larvae 
  of 
  same 
  age, 
  

   and 
  pigment 
  and 
  fine 
  radii 
  of 
  fins 
  slightly 
  more 
  developed 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  

   latter. 
  Intestine 
  much 
  more 
  slender, 
  that 
  is, 
  its 
  lumen 
  is 
  much 
  less 
  

   spacious 
  than 
  in 
  larvae 
  of 
  Clupea. 
  Liver 
  in 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  position 
  as 
  

   in 
  larval 
  Clupea, 
  but 
  gall-bladder 
  and 
  eye 
  relatively 
  and 
  perceptibly 
  

   larger 
  ; 
  Meckel's 
  cartilage 
  a 
  fourth 
  longer. 
  General 
  form 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   larval 
  shad, 
  but 
  head 
  more 
  prolonged 
  and 
  acuminate 
  anteriorly. 
  The 
  

   preponderance 
  of 
  characters 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  female 
  parent, 
  

   and 
  these 
  larvae 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  undoubted 
  hybrids. 
  The 
  eggs 
  were 
  taken 
  

   by 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  crew 
  of 
  the 
  steamer 
  Fish 
  Hawk 
  at 
  Havre 
  de 
  Grace, 
  

   and 
  were 
  impregnated 
  with 
  the 
  milt 
  of 
  the 
  striped 
  bass, 
  because 
  no 
  

   ripe 
  male 
  shad 
  happened 
  to 
  be 
  at 
  hand. 
  

  

  The 
  head 
  of 
  this 
  singular 
  hybrid, 
  represented 
  by 
  fig. 
  11, 
  plate 
  ii, 
  may 
  

   be 
  compared 
  with 
  fig. 
  7, 
  representing 
  an 
  advanced 
  larva 
  of 
  tin* 
  striped 
  

   bass, 
  also 
  with 
  the 
  figures 
  of 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  the 
  shad, 
  shown 
  on 
  plate 
  xxii. 
  

  

  Since 
  the 
  foregoing 
  appeared 
  Mr. 
  E. 
  B. 
  Eoosevelt 
  has 
  published 
  a 
  

   a 
  paper 
  34 
  on 
  hybridism 
  between 
  the 
  striped 
  bass 
  and 
  shad, 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  former 
  was 
  the 
  female 
  and 
  the 
  latter 
  the 
  male 
  parent. 
  No 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  of 
  these 
  larvae 
  appear 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  preserved 
  so 
  that 
  all 
  the 
  in- 
  

   formation 
  I 
  can 
  give 
  in 
  this 
  instance 
  is 
  to 
  quote 
  Mr. 
  Roosevelt's 
  remarks 
  

   on 
  the 
  subject 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  "A 
  ripe 
  female 
  striped 
  bass 
  or 
  rockfish, 
  Labr.ax 
  linealus, 
  being 
  (taught 
  

   in 
  the 
  nets 
  during 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  operation 
  of 
  # 
  the 
  shad 
  hatchery 
  on 
  the 
  

   Hudson 
  River, 
  and 
  there 
  being 
  no 
  male 
  bass 
  to 
  be 
  obtained, 
  the 
  eggs 
  

   were 
  takeu 
  and 
  brought 
  into 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  milt 
  ol 
  the 
  male 
  shad, 
  

   Alosa 
  sapidissima. 
  Then 
  these 
  eggs 
  were 
  placed 
  iu 
  a 
  box 
  entirely 
  by 
  

   themselves, 
  and 
  every 
  precaution 
  was 
  taken 
  to 
  make 
  the 
  experiment 
  

   perfect. 
  The 
  eggs 
  hatched; 
  of 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  question, 
  but 
  whether 
  

   the 
  product 
  was 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  that 
  impregnation 
  or 
  whether 
  it 
  was 
  

   reached 
  by 
  the 
  chance 
  contact 
  with 
  floating 
  seminal 
  animalcules 
  from 
  

   bass, 
  or 
  whether 
  the 
  young 
  lived 
  after 
  they 
  were 
  hatched, 
  may 
  be 
  re- 
  

   garded 
  as 
  still 
  open 
  for 
  consideration. 
  As 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  possibility 
  of 
  

   keeping 
  the 
  fry 
  in 
  confinement 
  the 
  experiment 
  goes 
  no 
  farther 
  than 
  

   opening 
  the 
  field 
  of 
  study 
  and 
  research." 
  

  

  III. 
  — 
  Clupea 
  vernalis 
  Mitch. 
  {The 
  Alewife 
  or 
  Branch 
  Herring; 
  

  

  Gaspereau.) 
  

  

  This 
  Clupeoid 
  is 
  anadromous 
  and 
  lays 
  its 
  eggs 
  in 
  adherent 
  masses; 
  

   the 
  zona 
  is 
  much 
  thicker 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  egg 
  of 
  0. 
  sapidissima. 
  The 
  

  

  ;I4 
  R. 
  B. 
  Roosevelt. 
  . 
  Fertility 
  in 
  hybridization. 
  Proc. 
  Am. 
  Ass. 
  Adv. 
  Sei., 
  sxxiii, 
  

   1885, 
  pp. 
  510-515. 
  

  

  