﻿[23] 
  DEVELOPMENT 
  OF 
  OSSEOUS 
  FISHES. 
  511 
  

  

  as 
  it 
  is 
  identified 
  by 
  McMurrich. 
  The 
  element 
  q, 
  given 
  as 
  "quadrate," 
  

   must 
  be 
  regarded 
  as 
  the 
  symplectic 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  hyomandibular 
  bar. 
  

  

  VIII. 
  — 
  Monocanthus 
  broccus 
  (Mitch.) 
  Dek. 
  (Fool- 
  or 
  File 
  fish.) 
  

  

  The 
  eggs 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  were 
  obtained 
  by 
  me 
  from 
  adult 
  females 
  capt- 
  

   ured 
  in 
  the 
  pound-nets 
  near 
  Cherrystone, 
  Va., 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  

   July, 
  1880. 
  The 
  eggs 
  are 
  quite 
  small, 
  and 
  measure 
  not 
  quite 
  .7"" 
  n 
  in 
  

   diameter. 
  They 
  are 
  very 
  adhesive, 
  and 
  adhere 
  again 
  and 
  again 
  to 
  for- 
  

   eign 
  objects 
  if 
  detached. 
  They 
  are 
  pale 
  green 
  in 
  color 
  and 
  have 
  a 
  group 
  

   of 
  small 
  refringent 
  oil-drops 
  embedded 
  at 
  one 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  vitellus. 
  An 
  

   unimpregnated 
  egg 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  is 
  figured 
  on 
  plate 
  iii, 
  fig. 
  15. 
  The 
  

   lot 
  of 
  eggs 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  one 
  figured 
  belongs 
  was 
  not 
  fertilized, 
  as 
  far 
  

   as 
  I 
  am 
  aware, 
  yet 
  the 
  blastodisk 
  was 
  very 
  distinctly 
  developed, 
  as 
  the 
  

   figure 
  shows. 
  At 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  about 
  two 
  hours 
  no 
  segmentation 
  was 
  ob- 
  

   served. 
  

  

  IX. 
  — 
  Apeltes 
  quadracus 
  (Mitch.) 
  Breevoort. 
  (The 
  Four-spined 
  

  

  Stickleback.) 
  

  

  For 
  the 
  opportunity 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  development 
  of 
  this 
  interesting 
  

   species 
  1 
  am 
  indebted 
  to 
  Mr. 
  W. 
  P. 
  Seal, 
  who 
  supplied 
  me 
  with 
  devel- 
  

   oping 
  ova 
  and 
  a 
  pair 
  of 
  spawning 
  adults 
  in 
  April, 
  1881, 
  and 
  on 
  which 
  

   I 
  shortly 
  after 
  published 
  some 
  notes 
  41 
  and 
  observations. 
  I 
  kept 
  one 
  

   pair 
  of 
  adults 
  which 
  were 
  about 
  to 
  spawn 
  in 
  an 
  aquarium 
  extemporized 
  

   for 
  the 
  purpose; 
  the 
  male 
  very 
  industriously 
  completed 
  the 
  spinniug 
  

   and 
  weaving 
  of 
  a 
  nest 
  under 
  my 
  observation. 
  

  

  The 
  early 
  stages 
  of 
  development 
  I 
  did 
  not 
  witness, 
  as 
  the 
  first 
  lot 
  of 
  

   eggs 
  had 
  the 
  blastoderm 
  already 
  formed 
  and 
  inclosing 
  the 
  vitellus. 
  The 
  

   lot 
  of 
  eggs 
  laid 
  by 
  the 
  pair 
  in 
  confinement 
  were 
  unfortunately 
  not 
  fertil- 
  

   ized. 
  

  

  The 
  egg-membrane 
  is 
  a 
  true 
  zona 
  radiata, 
  being 
  perforated 
  by 
  numer- 
  

   ous 
  pore 
  canals, 
  and 
  is 
  covered 
  by 
  an 
  adhesive 
  material 
  which 
  agglu- 
  

   tinates 
  the 
  eggs 
  together 
  into 
  a 
  mass 
  to 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  15 
  to 
  20, 
  the 
  

   number 
  deposited 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  by 
  the 
  female. 
  The 
  ova 
  sink 
  to 
  the 
  bot- 
  

   tom, 
  and 
  must 
  be 
  taken 
  charge 
  of 
  by 
  the 
  male, 
  as 
  the 
  female, 
  after 
  hav- 
  

   ing 
  discharged 
  them, 
  takes 
  no 
  further 
  interest 
  in 
  their 
  fate. 
  The 
  male, 
  

   with 
  his 
  mouth, 
  lifts 
  the 
  eggs 
  into 
  the 
  little 
  nest 
  which 
  he 
  has 
  prepared 
  

   for 
  their 
  reception. 
  

  

  The 
  egg 
  of 
  the 
  four-spined 
  stickleback 
  measures 
  about 
  a 
  line, 
  or 
  some- 
  

   what 
  over 
  2 
  mm 
  , 
  in 
  diameter, 
  and 
  are 
  of 
  a 
  decidedly 
  dark 
  amber 
  color. 
  

   I 
  was 
  not 
  able 
  to 
  make 
  out 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  the 
  micropyle. 
  At 
  one 
  pole 
  

   of 
  the 
  egg 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  flat, 
  button-shaped 
  appendages 
  are 
  at- 
  

   tached 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  egg-membrane 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  very 
  short 
  pedi- 
  

   cels, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  midst 
  of 
  these 
  that 
  the 
  micropyle 
  is 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  

   European 
  species, 
  Gasterosteus 
  leiurus, 
  according 
  to 
  Eansom. 
  

  

  41 
  Ryder. 
  Notes 
  on 
  the 
  development, 
  spinning' 
  habits, 
  and 
  structure 
  of 
  the 
  four- 
  

   spined 
  stickleback, 
  Apeltes 
  quadracus. 
  Bull. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Fish 
  Com,, 
  i, 
  1831, 
  pp. 
  24-29, 
  

  

  