( Ix ) 



colours of males are found sometiiues in females in sexually ver)' strongly 

 dichromatic species, such as Papilio priamus. The occurrence of andromorphic 

 female antennae is, we think, in manj' cases due to a similar transmission. In 

 several instances the male characters are the stronger pronounced in the female 

 antennae of Spliingidae the more marked the specialisation is in the male 

 antennae ; while, on the other hand, there are species with almost simple female 

 antennae in spite of the higlily specialised male antennae. Poli/pti/clius carteri 

 and Cressonia juglaiulis are good illustrations for the one and for the other 

 type. Where the male s]iccialisation is not at all or only in a very slight 

 degree transmitted to the female antenna, there must be some cause at work 

 checking the transmission. 



The most distal segments, which we have as yet not taken into account, 

 are more or less similar in the sexes. The well-known hook in which ends. the 

 antenna of very many Spkingidae, bnt not of all, occurs in all subfamilies. The 

 segments are broader and longer ventrally and dorsally (PL LX. f. 11. 12). 

 The ciliae-bearing surface is thus more exposed, and doubtless made more 

 efficient. Tbe special male features are not, or slightly, marked on the most 

 distal segments ; the cone is prominent, and the sensory bristles are often more 

 numerous and longer than on the more pro.ximal segments. The last but one and 

 the previous segments are occasionally couically produced ventrad (PI. LX. f. 7). 

 Of particular taxonomic value is the end-segment. The length and shape, and the 

 clothing with scales and bristles of this segment, vary very much and offer good 

 distinguishing characters of genera and even tribes. Figs. 4 — 12 of PL LX. 

 are illustrations of various kinds of end-segments. The segment is very thin 

 and very long, almost filiform, bristle-like ; or thin and short ; or broad, 

 compressed, elongate-conical in side-view ; or short, broad, and conical. All the 

 end-segments which are produced into a filamentous process like figs. 4. 5. 9, or 

 are very thin and cylindrical (figs. 11. 12), we call long; and those which are 

 not produced into snch a process and are conical in a lateral aspect we call 

 short (PL LX. f 6. 7. 8. 10). The scaling is often very sparse, loose, and rough 

 (PL LX. L 4. !•) : ii, projects often as a kind of tuft beyond the tip of the 

 segment, if this is short (PI. LX. f. 0. 7). The sensory bristles are in most 

 cases irregularly distributed. Many species have two at the extremity. In 

 Haemorrhagia, Sesia, Maeroglossum and genera with similar antennae the slender 

 end-segment has several long bristles at or near the tip (PL LX. f. 11), the 

 segment resembling that of the subfamily Chocvocampinae, in all species of which 

 we find a slender but comparatively short end-segment (PL LX. f. 12), which 

 bears six or more long apical and subapical bristles. The same end-segment is 

 met with in Panacra, but nowhere else. This brush of hairs- reminds one of 

 the end-segment of Aegeriidae and Neotropical Castniir/ae. The brush of these 

 insects (PL LX. f. 13) differs, however, very essentially in consisting of a 

 great number of long, hair-like, flattened scales.* Incidentally we mention 

 that Parant/irene, which is considered an Aegeriid, has no aegeriad antennae, 

 * These scales look too much like biistles in the figure. 



