( Ixi ) 



but tineiform ones, and surely does not belong where it stands in the 

 Catalogues. The only end-segment which would be confounded with that of a 

 Castnia or Aec/eria is found in En^o, where the segment is jirovided with 

 a brush of long narrow scales wliich stand all round the segment ajiically. 

 Both the long and slender segment, and the short and broad one, are of 

 equally wide distribution among the Hawk Moths. The long type, as illustrated 

 by figs. 4. 5. 9 and 11. 12 of PI. LX., does not seem to occur outside the 

 family. It is found in all S/ihivgicae (except Oliyoyraphu), Acherontiicne, a few 

 AmbiiUciiiar, and many Sesiinae, Philampelinae, and all Choerocampiruie. The 

 short type of end-segment has no special Sphingid character by whicli it I'ould 

 be distinguished from the end-segments of all other Heterocera. 



The question whether the long or the short end-segment is the more 

 generalised in Sphhujidae lias puzzled us a good deal. Judging from the other 

 Heterocera, one is inclined to pronounce the short segment to be the original 

 one. And this is doubtless true as regards the Heterocera as a whole. But 

 if we consider the development of the antennae and other organs in Spkingidae, 

 we find that the forms with short end-segment in the subfamilies Sesiinae and 

 Philampelinae are doubtless derivations from more generalised forms which 

 have a long end-segment. Compare, for instance, Temnora, Antinephele, 

 Gurelca \ and Deilephila and Darapsa. Further, we observe in the Ambulicinae 

 that the genera Ampli/pterus, Protambah/x, and O.ri/amhuli/.r, which have a long 

 end-segment, are in many resj)ects more generalised than the allied genera 

 Trogolegnum, Orecta, Callambidi/x, etc., which have a short end-segment. 

 Therefore we conclude, that the general tendency of reductive development 

 observed in the palpi, legs, tongue, etc., applies also to the end-segment of 

 the antenna. We attribute accordingly a long thin end-segment to the 

 ancestral Sphingid as a distinctive feature. 



The eye does not call for many remarks. It is subglobular, its edge being 

 either nearly circular, or regularly rounded above and more straight below and 

 behind. Its anterior edge is less widely apart from the mesial line of the 

 head than the hinder edge, the eye being oblique in position, the head 

 narrowing frontad. This is most evident in Macrogloasitm, Sesia, Naemorr/iagia, 

 and allies (PI. LXII. f. 0). The eye varies much in size ; the largest eye is 

 fonnd in On/ba. Where tlie mouth-parts are much reduced or obliterated, the 

 eye becomes also reduced. It is never hairy itself, Ijut is often covered above 

 by a kind of eye-brow, and below by a large tuft of hairs, which is especially 

 large iu P/iof/opra.iina, where the tuft covers the lower half of the eye 

 (PI. LIX. f. 12). We have not found a vestige of the ocelli. 



Before entering upon the description of the thorax and its appendages, we 

 think it necessary to emjihasise what will have become evident to the reader : 

 (1) That there is an obvious tendency of reduction in the head and mouth- 

 parts ; (2) that this tendency is far more apparent iu the Sphinyidae without 

 basal patch of sensory hairs on the inner surface of the first palpal segment 

 than in the others ; and (:j) tiiat the reduction of the cranium, eye, and 



