( Ixxvii ) 



We liave arrived at the opposite opinion. The shagginess of the scaling of 

 Hneinon-liaqia, many Amhalicinap, and Acln'roiitiinae is a specialisation derived 

 from the more smootli sealing preserved by the majority of Sphingidai'. We 

 find shagginess only in also otherwise ranch specialised forms. Roughness of 

 the scaling and development of broad scales into long ones accompany nearly 

 always the retrogressive develo[)raent of other organs. 



The copulatory apparatus of the male is composed of the ninth and tenth 

 segments, in some cases also the eighth segment taking part in the formation 

 of the apparatns. The accompanying diagram (Fig. '6) will make clear the 

 relative position of the various elements of the clasping-organs. 



The ninth segment is a strongly chitinised girdle, broadest above, and here 

 sinuate basally (PI. XLII. f 2. 3. ix.t). This belt is ventro-lateraljy dilated into 

 a large flap (CI), the clasper or valve, which corresponds to the pleura and sternite 



ixt 



Fig. 3. 



of the segment and bears the harpe (//), the sternite being divided mesially, 

 as is mostly tlie case with tlie ninth sternite of insects. The pleura is attached 

 to a jn'oxiraal sli'ipe of chitin (Fig. 3, pi) and to the sternite. The tenth 

 segment (Fig. :), .V.^ and X.r) stands in very close connection with the ninth ; 

 there is no intersegmental membrane between them, except occasionally a 

 remnant on the ni)perside. The tenth tergite is strongly chitinised like the ninth 

 segment, while the sternite is occasionally weak. The tenth tergite is movable 

 in a vertical direction, or, if completely divided, also mesiad. 



Between the sternite and tergite we find the anus {A), and between the 

 tenth sternite and the ninth the penis-funnel (P-F), from which protrudes the 

 penis-sheath (/■■). 



None of these organs are constant witliin the whole family of Sphimjidae. 

 The variety in their strncture is enormous. 15nt in s])ite of the seeming 

 eccentricity in tiic dcvclopniciil, tlie lines along which niddilication took jilace 



