( cxiv ) 



Xylophanes chiron rhiron, which arc cither absent, from the other islands, oi- 

 represented by other subspecies. 



The Lepidojitera of tlie Galapagos Ishinds are almost entirely unknown. 

 The fauna is very poor in Bntterflies ; but the Moths, especially the smaller 

 kinds, seem to be fairly well rejiresented. Dr. Holland, when describing the 

 Galapagos subspc^'ies of Prutoparce rastica* said that he had received larvae 

 of five species of Sj>liin<iit/ae. In the Tring Bluseum there are six species of 

 Hawk Moths from this group of islands : Ileri^c riiHjulatu, Protopam; rastica, 

 calapagensis, a new species of the same genus, a new subspecies of Eriiinijis 

 obscura, E. ello, and Celerio liiieata. Some species of X>/lopliuneg, and one or 

 the other genus of Sesiinae — Perigonia, for instance — must be expected to occur. 



The Sandwich Islands have six species of Sphingidae. Protoparce quinqae- 

 maculatm blaclihuriii is a well-marked race of the common Nearctic " Potato- worm." 

 Tinostoma smarngditis is a verj- peculiar specialisation of the Neotropical genus 

 Pholus ; as yet only one imperfect specimen is known of this remarkable insect. 

 The other three species belong to the cosmopolitan genus Celerio. They are 

 Celerio lineata linenta, identical with American sjiecimens, and Celerio calida and 

 wilsoni, which have their nearest relative in Celerio annei from t'hili and Pern. 

 Tlie affinity of the Sandwich Island Sj)hingid fauna is, therefore, absolutely 

 with Americn. 



The Sphingidae of the ITearctic Region offer, we think, more interesting 

 points in their distribution and relationship than those of tropical America. As 

 said above, quite a number of Neotropical species extend into the warmer districts 

 of North America, some going regularly or occasionally to New England. If 

 we exclude this purely tropical material, which is foreign to the Nearctic Region 

 proper {Protambuh/x striyilis, Pacltglia Jic/is and resumens, Erinngis (dope and 

 oenotrus, Pseudosphinx tefrio, Xylophanes pluto, Perigorda liisca, etc.), and 

 deduct also Ilerse cingulata and Celerio lineata lineata, which occur everywhere 

 in the New World, there remain 29 genera with 65 species. Among these 

 there are again several which are Neotropical, but may be called inhabitants 

 of the Southern States. Pholus vitis, la.hruscue, Erinnyis ello, Epistor lugubris, 

 Sesia fadus, and Xylophanes tersa have a similar jiosition in the North American 

 fauna, as have Acherontia utropos, Ilerse co»rolciili, and Ilippotiori celerio in 

 the fauna of Europe. They are immigrants from the south. Two other 

 Neotropical species have develojied into Nearctic subspecies : Pholus satellitia 

 pandoriis and Protoparce sexta sexta. Among the rest there is one Holarctic 

 species, represented in North America by one of its two subspecies {Celerio gallii 

 intermedia). All the others are Nearctic, but all are derivations from troi)ical 

 genera. We can group them in two sections, according to their origin — the one 

 section containing specialisations of the Neotropical stock, the other the genera 

 derived from the Old World stock. We add to the Neotropical section the 

 Neotropical species which have settled in North America, north of Florida, 

 in order to make the list complete :— 



' Pnir. U. St. K Mils. .\ii. p. 1D5 (18S9}, 



