( cxvi ) 



It will be observed tliat nil tiie Ai-luronUiimi: excej)t Ikrsf are of 

 Ncotroiiiciil extraction, being derivations from Protopara-. One of these genera 

 extends into the Tiilaearctic tauna {lli/loiriis), and has given rise to another 

 genns in N.W. India {Thamnnecha). The Atlantic Lapara is also a develop- 

 ment of lli/loiciii<. The most generalised Noarctic species of llyloicm are 

 eremitoi(le» and xrparritiin ; they arc closely allied to those Ili/lokus which are 

 jmrely Xeotrojiieal ((ji'i/ii/i/is, huji'ns, intur, etc.). We shall refer to this particnlar 

 relationsliip again when discussing the I'alaearctic Sji////i(//i/a<\ The Amliulicine 

 genera of North America (as well as the Mexican genus Monnn/o) are all of 

 the Old World branch of tlie subfamily, which liranch begins with C<iUn)nhnh/x, 

 itself not very far from the most generalised Ambulicine genus Compsogeiio, 

 confined to the Indo-Malayan Snbregion. Sphinx is common to North America 

 and the I'alaearctic Hegion, and has its older members in Central Asia {Sphinx 

 hindermanni and caecuts) : one of the two Nearctic species is strongly specialised 

 (Jamatcentsis). Calasi/mholns is a derivation from Sphinx, and Pachi/sphinx and 

 Cressonia (as well as Monnrda) come also very near Sphinx and Amorpha (see 

 pedigree of Ambulicinoi'). 



The only Sesiine genns of North America which is not a recent immigrant 

 from the South is lluemorrhagia with four species. It is distributed over the 

 Palaearctic Region, and has one species in India and another on the Moluccas 

 (Amboina, venafa). The six genera of Philampelinac peculiar to the Nearctic 

 Region are not nearly related to the Neotropical Philampeline genns Pholm, 

 which represents an ancestral branch of the subfamily not occurring in the 

 Old World, but are specialisations of Old World genera. Ampeloeca {rersicolor 

 and mi/ro/i) and Darapsa {pholnx) are very closely allied to Ampelophaga of 

 the Oriental Region and Pacific Palaearctic Snbregion, being, like the Syrian 

 genns Berutana, derived from it. Sphecodiim, I>eida>nia, Arctonotiis, Amphion, 

 Proserpinus, and Euproserpinus have nothing to do with Haemcrrrhagia, with 

 which they are generally associated in classification. They belong to the Afro- 

 Oriental tribe Xephelicae of the Philampelinac. 



North America has no species of Choerocampinac, to itself, the three species 

 occnrring in the temperate districts being Xi/lophanes term, which is Neo- 

 troj)ica], ('elerio gallii, which is Holarctic, and Celerio lineata, which is 

 cosmopolitan, the American subspecies C lineata lineata. extending over both 

 New World Regions. 



A few of the Nearctic genera reach southward into Mexico. Dolba hylaeus 

 is represented in Mexico by a joungur genus, Dolbogene, containing, like Dolba, 

 only one species (hart/regi). One of the subspecies of Sphinx ceristji, of 

 Parhgxphinx modeatn, and of Ihjloints chersis occur in Mexico. llyloicus 

 separalun of Kansas, t'olorado, and New Mexico is found also iu Mexico. 

 Arctonotus terlooi is an inhabitant of West Mexico, which is geograpliically very 

 closely related to the arid parts of the South-western States: California, Arizona, 

 Colorado, and New Mexico. Not one of the genera of Old World extraction 

 extends farther south than Mexico. 



