( cxx ) 



to the small tribe Spliingulicae, which has one more representative in North 

 India {Dolbi/io/Mis) anil three in Aiistraliii (^Tetracliroa, Syiiofrha, and IIop- 

 lioriicmu). These seven genera are all that is left of the tribe ; perhaps a 

 few more si)ecies than are known may be discovered in the Himalayan 

 conntries, China, and Australia. The tribe is probably very ancient, and had 

 formerly a more uniform distribution in the Oriental Region, only remnants 

 being now extant. 



Tiie difference between the Western and Eastern divisions of the Palae- 

 arctic Region is enhanced by Central Asia, Asia Minor, and Europe possessing 

 five genera not occurring in Amurland and Japan. Sphingonaepiopsis is 

 Palaearctic, Oriental, and African, and is, like the West Palaearctic and 

 Nearctic ProserpiniiK, a derivation from the African Fliilumpelinae. Akbesia, 

 found only in Syria, comes nearest to the Aethiopian genus Batocnema. 

 Berittana from Syria and Persia is a specialisation of Ampelophaga inhabiting 

 India, China, Amurland, and Japan. Rcthera of Central Asia and Afghanistan 

 has its nearest ally in the Oriental Region, and is of Oriental extraction. To 

 these genera we must add the African Deihpkild nerii and Achcrontia atropos, 

 which do not occur in the eastern parts of the Palaearctic Region ; and Theretra 

 alecto, which has developed into a pale subspecies in Syria, occasionally 

 occurring northwanl to the Caspian Sea, but rarely entering Europe. 



There are now left to be discussed the genera ranging from Europe to 

 Japan. Macroglosxiim has one species which is much specialised, and is 

 nearest in characters to some Aethiopian ones, but may be a development 

 from an Oriental species (of the group of belt's). Macroglossum stellatarum 

 occurs all over the Palaearctic Region, and goes southward into North-western 

 India. Ilyloicus is Palaearctic, Nearctic, and Neotropical : it is of American 

 origin, and has five species in the Palaearctic fauna, three being restricted to 

 the Pacific side (rtiligini'ii.s, obvrthueri, and craxiihtnqd) and two occurring from 

 Spain to Japan {pinuntri and ligustri), but having developed into a western 

 and an eastern sul)^pecies. Mimas comes from tlie Afro-Indian stock of 

 Aiiibidicinae ; it contains only one species, represented in the west and the 

 east of the Region by a well-marked subspecies {Mimas tiliae cliristophi and 

 Mimas tiliae tiliae). Amorplta is a development of the Oriental branch of 

 Aiiibiiliciiiae ; its two sjiecies overlap in Russia and Transcaspia, A. amnrensis 

 ranging from Amurland to North Russia, and A. popuU in three subspecies 

 from Morocco, Spain, and Great Britain eastward to Central Asia and Asia 

 Minor. Sji/iinx is likewise a derivation from Oriental Ambidicinae {('allam- 

 buli/x) ; it has apparently come into Europe by way of Afghanistan and Persia, 

 Central Asia possessing the most primitive member of the genus {Sphinx 

 kindermanni), while Europe {Sphinx ocellata) and North America {Sphinx 

 jamaicensis) have the most specialised ones. Europe and Japan have only one 

 species of Sphinx each, while C'entral Asia has two, Amurland three, and 

 North America two, besiiles the derivative genus Calasymbolus. Haemorrhagia 

 is, like Sphinx, Ilolarctic, but has one species in India {saunde.rsi\ and another, 



