( -20 ) 



p. 62(1870); Slaint., Pror. Eiil. Soc. Loud. p. U (187U) ; Heyl., Tijihchr. Enl. xiii. p. 14(!. 

 n. Gf. (1870) (Breda) ; Thorpe, Eiilom. v. p. 14:i (1871) (breeding) ; Lock., ibid. p. 458 (1871) ; 

 Brutt., Proijr. Giimn. Jhn-pnl p. 2A. n. 1 (187-J); Moseley, Niilun- vi. p. 151. fig. (1872) 

 (sound) ; Christ., SMI. Enl. Zeit. xxxiii. p. 216 (1892) (Derbent, 1. oti Zi/tio/dnjllum) ; Curb., 

 Eiilom.vi. p. 520 (1872) (hibern.) ; Girard, /.c. p. 102, 221 (1873) (cri) : Christ., Ifor. Soc. 

 Eiil. liiiss. X. p. 31 (1873) (Gjas) ; Laboulb., Ann. Soc. Enl. Fr. p. .537 (1873) (cri) ; Siebke, 

 E,i. Im. Xon: iii. p. 22. n. 1 (1874); Weyeab., T!jdsclii: Enl. xvii. p. 168 (1874) (sound, 

 I. & p.) ; Land., .hthrli. Weslph. Prnc. Vi'i: Wix-i. Ktmst p. 55 (1874) ; Boisd., .S'/;f(:. Gen Leji. 

 lUt. i. p. 5. n. I (1875) (Africa; Asia e.r err.) ; Roch., Pel. Noue. Enl. i. p. 472 (1876) (cri) ; 

 Obcrth., El. d'Enl. i. p. 31 (187G) (Orau ; Collo) ; Gasob., Ann. Soc. Enl. France p. 509 (1876) 

 (migrat.) ; Swiiit., Enl. .Un. .Mug. xiii. p. 217 (1877) (sound) ; Butl, Tr. Zrinl. Soc. Ltnul. ix. 

 p. 598. D. 3 (1H77) ; Schoy., Xiil. .\ftiz. Naliirr. xxiv. p. 1511 (1879) ; Dew., Mittli. Milnch. Enl. 

 Yer. iii. p. 26 (1879) (Chinclioxo) ; Kill., .Tahrb. Not. Ges. Grnub. xxiii. p. 43 (1880) ; Marsh., 

 .Sco«. Xal. V. p. 3r, (1880) ; Wciler, Prof/r. OherreiiUch. Innxbr. p. 15 (1880) ; Arnh., Sif^.-Ber. 

 Zonl. Bot. ^V». IIVh. xxix. p. 54. fig. (1880) ; Theden., Enl. rkhkr. i. p. 197 (1H80) (Suecia) ; 

 id., I.C. ii. p. 105 (1881) ; Wcbtw., in Gates, .Wilabeleld. p. 355 (1881) ; Const., Bull. Soc Ent. 

 Frame p. 7i5 (1882) (Cannes) ; Auriv., Konnl. Sc. Ve(. Ac. Ilandl. xix. 5. p. 131. n. 166 (1882) ; 

 Albr., Boll. .Mnscun p. 379 (1882) (Moskau) ; Romauoflf, Mem. Up. i. p. 09 (1884) (Tiflis ; 

 Borjoni : Lagodekhi ; Lenkoran ; Daghestan ; Helenendorf) ; Saalm., Lep. Madag. p. 129. 

 n. .300 (1884) ; Lampa, Enl. TkUhr. v. p. 26. n. 109 (1884) ; Sandb., ibid. vi. p. 194. n. 4. (1885) 

 (Sydvaranger) ; Pou.iade, Hnll. Sue. Ent. Frntice p. 16.') (188.')) (('closion) ; Oberth., ibid. 

 p. 215 (1885) (Bretagne, abundant) ; Fallon, ibid. p. 226 (1885) (localit. in France) ; Seriz., 

 Bull. Acad, d'flipponr xx. (8ep.). p. 9. n. 57 (1887) (Collo) ; Druce, in Moloney, West Afr. 

 Forestn/ p. 493. n. 12 (1887) (Gambia); Amel., Berl. Ent ZeiUchr. xxxi. p, 261 (1887) 

 (Dessau) ; Denfer, Bull. Soc. Enl. France p. 200 (1889) (cri, pupa) ; Mab., ibid. p. 234 (1889) 

 (Afr. ; Asie ex err.) ; Holl, Tr. Am. Enl. Soc. xvi. p. 67. n. 25 (1889) (Gaboon) ; Mina-Pal. 

 & Failla-Ted., Nat. Sic. vii. p. 41 (1889) ; Redlich, Ent. Zeit. Guben iii. p. 130 (1890) (sound) ; 

 C\iisine, Bull. Soc. Ent. France p. 104 (1890) (aberrat.) ; Boise, ibid. p. 35 (1890) (cri de la pupa 

 avant I'clos.) ; Baker, Tr. Enl. Soc. Loiul. p. 201 (1891) (Madeira) ; Vinson, Pnpill. Bourbon 

 p. 13(1891); V)\si., Xatural. Trannmal p. 236 (1892) (Pretoria, III.) ; White, Butl. Molh.f 

 Tenrriffe p. 64. t. 4. f. 1 (1894) ; Barrett, Lep. Brit. Id. ii. p. 16 (1895) ; Holl, in Smith, 

 i'nhi. Connlr. Afr. p. 412 (1897) (Somalild.) ; Aign., lllnslr. Zeitsclir. Ent. iii. p. 337 (1898) ; 

 id., /..-. iv. p. 3. i77. 211. 289. 377. .355. cuts (1899) (sound prod, by stridul.) ; Vos, TijdHchr. 

 Enl. .xli. p. 79 (1898) (Apeldoorn) ; Bartel, in Rilhl, Grnxsschm. ii. p. 17 (1899); Stand. & 

 Reb., Cat. Lep. ed. iii. p. 98. n. 717 (1901) (p. parte). 



Alriipos sidani Oken, Lrbrb. Naturg. iii. 1. p. 762. n. 1 (1815) { = atrojin.s). 



Spectrum alropos, Billberg, Enuni. Ins. p. 83 (1822) (Suecia). 



*Acheronlia sciihla Kirby, Trans. Ent. Soc. Land. p. 242 (1877) (" Boriieo " err. loc. ;— Mus. Dublin) ; 

 Waterb., Aid Jdenlif. Ins. ii. t. 141. f. 2 (1884). 



SphtjHj- alropos, Vogel, Sclini. Oihinel i. p. 22. t. 6. f. 4. a. b. (1821). 



Bracliijijlossa atropos, Boisduvill, Ind. .Melh. p. 33 (1829) -(v. ix.) ; id., Fu.ime Madag. & Bourb 

 p. 77 (1833) (Mad. ; Bourbon ; Maurice) ; Cant., in Silberm., Mevuc Ent. i. p. 77 (1833) 

 (Dep. du Var, iv., ix.). 



Sphin.r atropns (!), Swains. & Shuck., Ili.'d. li Arr. Inn. p. 101 (1840). 



Spfii/nr {.ichcrinitia) atrojmx, Heuiz, Bull. Soc. Enl. France p. 7 (1887) (1. on Fraxinus). 



Acherontia alropos, Taschenberg, Zcilschr. Ges. Naluric. xxii. p. .'J20 (1863) (gynandrom.). 



Manduca sculdu Kirby, Cat. Lep. I/el. i. p. 700. n. 3 (1892) (" Borneo " e.c err.). 



Manduca atropos, id., I.e. n. 4 (1892). 



cf?. A ilccidedly ActUioj)iau insect, whicli e.\tends far into the Palearctic 

 Regiou, being in the more northern districts, however, a visitor only, which does 

 not survive the winter as a ruh'. It does not oc(-ar in the eastern countries of the 

 Palearctic Region (Japan, Amurland), nor in the Oriental llegion, the eastern 

 insect, which many authors have confounded with atropos and recorded as such, 

 being in colour and structure quite distinct. Iii >Siberia proper no rej)resentative 

 of Acherontia is found. 



The siiecinien of ^lc//c;-o«<«a described by Kirby as .«6'«WfN with the erroneous 

 habitat "Borneo," is nothing else but an individual oi' ntropos. 



A. atropos is a white crow among the large Lepidoptera occurring in Europe : 



