( ^1 ) 



Larva resembling that of (Inijiiferantm, skle-baiuls deejior rerl.— Food : 

 IJqiistriiin, Spiraea, Fiaxlnns, etc. 



Pupa : tongue-case free, close to the breast, 5 mm. long or less ; creniastcr 

 with two apical and two suliapical ])oints. 



Ilab. Palaearctic Kegion, from Scotland and Scandinavia southwards to Spain 

 and Italy, not in Greece ; eastwards to Japan. 



Bartel, I.e., records it from N.W. Africa and the Canary Islands, giving 

 Speyer as the authority for this statement. Stand. & Rebel mention, with, the 

 Azores as being inhabited by Ihjmtri. 



Two snbsi)ecies : 



<t. II. li<iii.-ilrl ronsiricta. 



*SpliliiJ- njiislrirta Butler, Ckl. Eiit. iii. p. 113 (1885) (.Japan ;— Mup. Brit.) ; Kirby, Cat. Lip. Ihl. 



i. p. m-X. n. i\ (1892). 

 *Sjihhi.c liijustri var. amiirensis Oberthiir, Bull. Sue. Ent. Fr. p. 56 (188fi) (Amurld. ; — coll. Charles 



Oberthiir) ; Staud., in Rom., Mem. Up. vi. p. 'i'-'O. n. 208 (1892) (Amur) ; Kirby, /.-■. i. p. 692. 



sub n. 23 (1892) (Manchuria) ; Bartel, in Euhl, Groxnuhm. ii. p. 48 (1 899). 

 Spliinj- Ikjiistri var. ■ipiraeae, Graeser (nun Esper, 1806), Berl. Ent. Zdtsilir. xxxii. p. 104. d. 179 



(1888) (Amurld., Ii. vii.). 

 Sphinx liijiiHti-i var. coiislrirtu, Staudinger & Rebel, Cut. Lfp.ed. iii. p. 101 sub n. 734 (1901) { = aiiin- 



rensis ; Jap., Chin, s., Amur, Uss.). 

 Sphinx lif/iislri, Leech, Prui:. Zuul. Sue. Loml. p. 589. n. 35 (1888) { = constricta) ; id., Traiix. Ent. 



Sac. Loud. p. 287. n. 63 (1898) (Hakodate, vi.) ; Bartel, Lc. p. 47 (1899) (Japan, "common" 



ex err. !). 



c??. Structurally the same as /!(/. li(/nstri. Agrees in colour with certain 

 specimens of ab. spiraeae. The black colour is prominent, the ^nnk colour reduced 

 in intensity. There is as yet very little material in collections. 



This form is of interest in so far as it stands intermediate to a certain degree 

 between drupiferarum and European liijiisfri. The antemedian and median bands 

 of the hindwing are separate in typical lig. ligiistri ; they are confluent in a few 

 s])ecimens which occur apparently everywhere among typical lig. ligiistri ; the red 

 colour is, besides, occasionally reduced in intensity. In lig. constricta the bands 

 are always more or less confluent and the red colour bleached, while in driijiij'erariim 

 both characters are exaggerated, there being no red tint and the two bands being 

 completely fused to one median band, which shows occasionally traces of grey 

 scaling centrally, indicating the original three-l)anded state. 



llah. N. China, Amurland and Japan, ajijiarantly rare. 



In the Tring Museum 'X S i from : Amurland ; Sidemi. 



lu the collection of Mons. de Joannis from Hien-Hien, N. China. 



b. II. litjii.^fri ligiistri. 



Hoefn., Arch. t. 4 (1.592); id., Dir. Ins. t. 9 (1630); Bouhin, Traite Anim. p. 88 (I.W3) ; 

 Mouff., Thfulr. Ins. p. 91. f. 2, p. 182. f. 1 (1634); Jonst., Hist. Nat. Lns. t. 19. f. I. 2 

 (1653) ; Merian, Eur. Ins. iii. p. 63 n. 124. t. 124 (?.,;)., i.) (1683) ; Goed., ed. Lister, Ins. 

 p. 71. f. 25 (1685); Jung, IHsl. Verm. p. 108 (1691); Jacob., iMiis. rcg. Dan. t. 1. f. 24 

 (169r,) ; Raj., J/ist. Im. p. 144, n. 1., p. 362. n. 62 (1710) ; Albin, Nat. Hist. Engl. Tus. t. 7 

 (1720); (Anonym.), BrexL Samnil. Juiins CI. 4. Art. 4. n. 6 fig. {i.,p.,l.) (1723) ; Rcauni., 

 Hist. .Mem. i. p. 293. t. 14. f. 1 (17.34) ; id., I.e. ii. 2. p. 1. 1. 20. f. 1-4 (1736) (Sphinx !) ; 

 Swamm., llihl. Nat. p. 223. .388. 389. t. 29. f. 1 (/.). 2 (/)). 3 (()■ (1737) ; Linne, Fauna Sncc. 

 ed, i. p. 248. n. 809 (1746) ; Wilkc, En,jl. Muths, CI. i. S. B. p. 10. t. 3 (1747) ; Rosel, Ins. 

 IM. iii. p. 25. t. 5. f. 4. 5 (17.W) ; Hemm., ColL Cur. Int. t. 3. f. a. b. (1751 V) ; Gronov., ylH. 

 Ileh. V. p. 140. n. 311 (1762) ; Geoffr., /lisl.Ins. ii. p. 84. n. 7 (1762) ; Gronov., Zmph. p. 202. 

 n. 820 (1764) ; Seba, Thcsaur. iv. t. 53. f. 12. 14., t. 55., f. 13. 14. 15, (fig. malat), t. 60. f. 19. 



