( 146 ) 



?. Vaginal plate (TM. XXI. f. (i) elongate-triangnlar, rounded distally ; 

 mouth of vagina median, covered proximall}' by a prominent flap, which is 

 individually variable ; behind the vaginal opening there is a large smooth mesial 

 tubercle. 



Larva without the oblique bands of other Ili/loicus, with longitudinal dashes, 

 and strongly marked ringlets ; head, frontal surface excepted, horu and anal 

 segment grauulose. — Food : various Conifenic. 



8heath of tongue of chrysalis short, free, appressed to the lireast. 



IJah. Palaearctic Region ; also in N. America (introduced). 



In the Brit. Mus. there is a c? collected by Doubleday iu the United States. 

 This specimen does not differ from European SS- The saniptri of Strecker is 

 doubtless the same. These North American piiiastri are surely introduced 

 specimens, or offspring of such, as the sexual armature — which is identical in 

 Doubledav's cJ with that of European examples — does not show any difierence, 

 while we should expect it to differ obviously, if the Nearctic pinastri had been an 

 inhabitant of that region for a longer period. 



As the species occurs in Europe and Japan, it will most likely also be found 

 iu China, Thibet and Kashmir, and at the south side of the Himalayas at higher 

 elevations. 



a. TI. pinasti-i pinastri. 



Reaum, Mem. i. t. 13. f. 8 (1734) ; Roesel, Insect. Beluxt. i. 1. p. 41. t. 6 (1746) ; Gadd., Ohs. 



Saliii/iiud. p. 28 (1747) ; Hemm., Oill. Cur. Ins. t. 2. f. a. b. (175- ?) ; Schaeff., Icon. Ratish. 



t. lib. f. 1. 2 (1766) ; Deg., Mnn. IJist. Ins. ii. 1. p. 234. n. 1 (1771) ; id., I.e. iv. p. 1C9. 69.5. 



t. 10. f. 1. 2. 3. (1774) ; Ern. & Engr., Paj,. Eur. iii. p. 17. t. 97. f. 115. f. a-f (1785). 

 Sjilnn-r jnnastri Linne, Sysl. Nut. ed. x. p. 492. n. 20 (1758) ; id., Fauna Slice, p. 288. n. 1088 (1761); 



Poda, Mus. Gmec. p. 80. n, 4 (1761) ; Sepp., Neclerl. Ins. t. 3. p. 23. f. 5 (1762) ; Scop., Eul. 



Giru. p. 187. n. 473 (1763) ; Hufn., Berlin. Mag. ii. p. 182. n. 10 (1766) ; Houtt., Natiirl. Hlsl. 



i. 11. p. 450. n. 20 (1767) ; Linne, .S'i/«(. -Va'" ed. xii. p. 802. n. 22 (1767) ; Drury, lUustr. 



N. Hist. i. p. 58. t. 25. f. 2 (1770) ; Forst., Cat Anhn. N. Am. p. 29 (1771) ; Miill., iVf/(«)-.s. 



V. 1. p. 642. n. 22 (1774) ; Fabr., Si/st. Ent. p. 541. n. 16 (1775) ; Fuessl., Vcn. Srhweiz. Ins. 



p. 33. n. 621 (1775) ; SchifE. & Den., Wien. Vcrz. p. 41 (1776) ; Mad., ed. Kleem., Riiupcnhil. 



p. 71. D. 202 & p. 87. n. 249 (1777) ; Meyer, in Fuessl., Ma;/. Ent. i. p. 266 (1778) ; Goeze, Ent. 



Beytr. iii. 2. p. 174. n. 22 (1780) ; Fabr., Nyicf. Ent. ii. p. 146. n. 30 (1781) ; Lang, Verz. Augsb. 



p. 67. n. 555-557 (1782) ; Esp., Eur. Scliui. ii. p. 106. n. 12. t. 12. f. 1. 2. 3 (1779) & p. 233. 



t. 36. f. 9 (1782) ; Retz., Gen. Ins. p. 33. n. 27 (1783) ; Fuessl., N. Marj. Ent. iii. p. 1,57. n. 130, 



p. 158. n. 139 (1786) ; Fabr., Mant. Ins. ii. p. 95. n. .33 (1787) ; Borkh., Eur. Sclim. ii. p. 101. 



n. 4, p. 147, p. 180. n. 3 (1789) ; Gmel., Syst. Nat. i. 5. p. 2385. n. 22 (1790) ; View., Tab. 



Verz. Brandenb. i. p. 6. n. 6 (1790) ; Brahm, Insectenkald. ii. 1. p. 127. n. 63 (1791) ; Schwarz, 



liaupenhilil. p. 496. n. 633 (1791) ; Panz., Faum Germ. p. 82. n. 22 (1793) ; Fabr., Enl. Syst. 



iii. 1. p. 367. n. 35 (1793) ; Borkh., liliein. Mag. i. p. 317. n. 144 (1793) ; Cederh., Fauna Ingr. 



p. 213. n. 653 (1798) ; Schrank, Fauna Boira ii. p. 224. n. 1.386 (1798-1804) Bechst. & Scharf., 



Forslius. ii. p. 339. n. 5 (1805); Hiibn., Eur. Schni., Sphinij. p. 98. n. 1. t. 13. f. 67 (^) 



(1805-24); Ocbs., SoAm. Em: ii. p. 243. n. 4 (1808); Hiibn.", Gesch. Eur. Schm. ii. SjjIi. iii. 



Leg. C. b. f. 1. a (1806-18) ; Nag., IlUlfsb. Schm. p. 1,58 (1818) ; Sam., Ent. Cumji. p. 244 



(1819) ; Vogel, .SoA«i. Cabin, i. p. 26. t. 7. 1 5. a. b. (1821) ; God., Hist. Nat. Lip. iii. p. .30. 



t. 17. f. 1 (IH-n) ; Lep. & Serv., Enc. Metli. x. p. 464. t. M. f. 1-3 (1825) ; Meig., Ilaudb. Sclim. 



p. 99. n. 16 (1827) ; Boisd., Ind. Meth. p. 48. n. 392 (1H28) ; Stcph., IHustr. Brit. Ins., Hau^t. 



i. p. 121. D. 6 (1828) ; id.. Cat. Brit. Ins. ii. p. 32 (1829) ; Meig., Syst. Bcschr. Eur. Schm. 



ii. p. 145. n. 16. t. 67. f. 3 (18,30) ; Cant., in Silb., Bee. Eul. i. p. 77 (1833) (Dept. Var, v. ix.) ; 



Beske, ibid. ii. p. 177 (1834) (H.amljurg) ; Lucas, Lcji. Eur. p. 116. t. 46. f. 3 (18,34) ; Thon, 



Nat. Srhm. t. 54. f. 741. 742. 743 (1H37) ; id. & Reich., Ins. Krcbse Spinn. p. 107. t, 54. f. 741. 

 742. 743 (1838) ; Ratzeb., Fvrstius. ii. p. 74 (1840) ; Zett., Ins. Lapp. p. 917 (1840) ; Westw. & 

 Humphr., Brit. Moths p. 13. t. 3. f. 7. 8. 9 (1843) ; Eversm., Fauna Volgo-Ural. p. 112 (1K44) 

 (vi.) ; Assm., Zeilsehr. Eut. Bresbiu i. p. 5 (1847) ; Bell., Bull. Sue. Ent. Fr. p. 52 (184H) (Bois 

 de Boulogne) ; MrniHr., Ennm. Corp. Anim. Mus. I'etr., Lep. p. 89. n. 1474 (1857) (Curland, 



