( 349 ) 



cylindrical, anteriorly evenly ronnded pupa : and a cyliiulriciil larva witli long 

 straight horn and rounded head. 



The generalised genera mentioned before fall into two groups : PIwIhs with 

 non-divided tenth abdominal segment of the J, and Psi'iulosphinx to (irammodia 

 with symmetrically divided tenth cf-sesment. From Pseudosphinx and allies a 

 series of genera leads upwards through Pachylia, Hemeroplanes, Perigoiiia, Sesia, 

 to Hacmorrhagia, Ceplwnodes and Safasprx. This is one main branch of the 

 Scmanophorae, giving rise to several small side-branches. The second series starts 

 from Phohos, and divides soon into several branches. 



Of all these issnes from the ancestral Semaiwphorae only one group of genera 

 is sharply circumscribed ; it claims the rank of a subfamily. This gronp, which 

 belongs to the P/w^«.s-side of the Sphiin/idac semoRoplwrac, comprises the genera 

 Theretra, Xi/lophanes, PcrqesaanA allies, and is termed by us Choerocampinae. We 

 may leave this subfamily out of consideration for the present. The remfiining 

 groups of Semanopliorae are not so obviously distinguished from one another in all 

 their members, owing to the i)reservation of generalised forms linking the groups 

 together, and to the differences becoming obscured by the recurrence of similar 

 structures in phylogenetically widely different genera. But we think it wise to give 

 to each of the two natural sections, the Pseudosphiiui>-\iT?a\c,\i ,a.nA the Pholus-hranch 

 (exclusive of Choerocampinae), ^whinxnWy rank, the two subfamilies being designated 

 as Sesiinae and Philampelinae, the former ending in Sataspes, the latter comprising 

 as liiglily specialised members the genera Macroglossum, Euproserpinns, Micro- 

 sphinx, Elibia, etc. 



The Sesiinae are mostly American ; they exhibit very often asymmetrical 

 development of the copnlatory ap])aratus in both sexes. The seventh stcrnite of 

 the ? is large, quadrangular in a number of genera, and is in the higher forms 

 spinose at the end like the preceding sternites. The friction-scales of the clasper 

 are small in the lower genera and absent from the higher ones, never developing to 

 large lanceolate scales as in the P/(o///«-series. The iiuj)a has never a compressed 

 Ther-etra-WVe tongue-case. Tiie imago of the higher genera is mimetic (Sataspes, 

 Haemorrhaqia, etc.) ; mimetism is known also of some larvae oi Sesiinae (llemero- 

 pjlanes, Leiicorhampha). 



The Philaiiipclinae, on the other hand, are for the greater part inhabitants of 

 the Old World; they have many affinities with the Choerocampinae, iih&Taetevs oi t\\& 

 latter subfamily appearing frequently among them — for instance, the enlarged friction- 

 scales, the compressed tongue-case of the pupa, the swollen third and fourth 

 segments of the larvae, eye-spots, etc. The Philampelinae follow partly the 

 Choerocampinae in the direction of develoj)ment, jiartly the Sesiinae ; the series 

 Nephele to Macroglossum is Sesiad in several respects, and has, on account of this 

 similarity, always been considered far more closely related to Sesia, Haemorrhagia 

 and allies than to Lkilephila, Acosmcn/x, etc. The resemblance between Sesia 

 and Macroglossum, for instance, is indeed surprising, referring to the antennae, 

 the s2)ination and anal tuft of the alidomen, and the midcoxal mernm. 



Subfamily Sesiinae. — Typus : Haemorrhagia titijus. 



lioinhfili/ie. Hillmer, Verz. Ink. Srlim. p. 131 (1822) (partim). 

 JCiiiiiiirjiliap. id., /.(■- p. 13S (IH22) (partim). 

 iJeilr/iliilac id., I.e. p. i:iU (l«-'2) (partim). 

 .Uuwlnrnn id., t.r. p. VW (\X-12) (partim). 



