( 611 ) 

 552. Proserpinus proserpina. 



Ernst & Engr., Pap. Eur. ii. t. 121. f. lljl a— i (178-2). 



Sji!ii/ii.c {\) priuscrpina Pallas, Spk. Zonl. ix. p. 26. t. 2. f. 7 (1772) (Germania). 



Sphinx oenothcrae Denis & SchifE., .%.si. Vers. Schm. Wkn p. 43. n. 1. p. 239. fig. frontisp. (I77(!). 



c??. Palpns shorter than in yaurae; end-segment of antenna and hindtarsus 

 also shorter,while the thorn at the end of the foretibia is longer ; distal margin of 

 forewing far less oblique, irregularly trilobate at li'', M', and SM-. In these 



characters, pronevpina is more specialised than the American species. Hindwiug 



paler yellow than in clarlitae. 



(?. Tenth segment as in clarkiae (PI. XLV. f. 4), sternite rather longer and 

 slenderer. Harpe short, often dilated at end (PI. IL. f. 2(J), sometimes as 

 gradually narrowed to a point as in guurae. 



Larva green or brown, palor below than above; stigmata in brown obli({ue 

 patches ; pale dorso-lateral line more or less vestigial ; back dotted with brown ; 

 horn represented by a smooth prominence encircled with black. — Food-plants : 

 IJenotheni ; Epilobium ; Li/t/irum. 



Hab. Central and South Europe, eastward to Puchara. 



Two sub.species : 



a. P. pfoserpinu proserpina. 



Sphin.c proscrphid Pallas, I.e. 



Hphin-e oeiwthenie Denis & Schiff., I.e. ; Fuessly, Maij. Eiit. ii. 1. p. 65. t. 1. f. ',). 10 (1779) ; Esp., 



Mimett. ii. p. 167. t. 20. p. 198, t. 20. f. 2. 3 (1779) ; Goeze, Ent. Brjjlr. iii. 2. p. 212. n. 29 



(1780) ; Fabr., Sper. Ins. ii. p. 141. u. 10 (1781) (=proserpiiia) ; Fuessly, N. Muij. Ent. ii. p. 210 



(1784) ; id., U: iii. p. 146 (1786) ; Fabr. Munt. Ins.M. p. 93. n. 11 (1787) ; Borkh., Eur.Schmell. 



ii. p. 59. 135. 177 ^1788) ; Lang, Verz. Augsh. ii. p. 71. p. 572. 573 (1789) ; Gmel., Si/st. Nat. 



i. 5. p. 2374. n. 54 (1790) ; Rossi, Famut Etr. ii. p. 15. n. 362 (1790) ; Schwarz, Raiipenkal. 



p. 304 (1791); Brahm, Insertcnhdend. ii. 1. p. 422. n. 297 (1791); Fabr., Ent. Si/st. iii. I. 



p. 359. n. 12 (1793) ; Schrank, Fauna Boka. ii. 1. p. 229. n. 1393 (1801) ; Hiibn., £«;•. fichmett.. 



Sphnuj. f. 58 (180- y) ; id., Gcsch. Srhmelt. ii. Hpliiiuj. iii. (180- ?) ; Ochs., Sclimelt. Eur. ii. p. 190. 



n. 5.(1808); Nagel, Uulfsh. Schm. p. 148 (1818); Latr., in Xuiiv. Did. d'likl. Nat. xxxW. 



p. -M (1819) ; God., Up. France iii. p. 52. t. 19. f. 2 (1823) ; Luc, Up. Eur. p. 109. t.44 (1834). 

 Spkhu: schiffrruullrri Fuessly, Mag. Ent ii. p. 69 (1779) (=ocnuikeroe). 

 Hcaia ncuut/ierac, Fabricius, in Illig., .Uaij. Ent. vi. p. 88. n. 44 (1807). 

 Sphinj- aenuthcrac (!), Latreillc, Gcu. Ins. Crust, iv. p. 210 (1809). 

 Sitia onuiilajrae, Oken, Lehrb. Nutnrij. iii. 1. p. 7.50. n. 4 (1815), 

 .Macroijlossu ncmdlirrar, Ochsenheimer, Scltm. Eur. iv. p. 42 (1810) ; Friv., in Silberm., Ret'. Ent. ii. 



p. 181 (1834) (Hungary) ; Eversm., Fauna \'uli/<,-Ural. p. 107 (1844) (vi.) ; Assm., /icUsclu: 



Em. Brcslai, i. p. 5 (1847) ; Staudf., ibkl. v. p. 15 (1851) (larva). 

 I'nimrpinus oauutherac, Hiibner, \'erz. bet. Schm. p. 132. n. 1413 (1822) ; Walk., f.isi Lrp. /nx. /I. M. 



viii. p. 97. n. 1 (185(i) (S. France) ; Bull., Trau^t. Xuul. Sue. Lunil. i.x. p. 535. u. 1 (1892). 

 Sphijiu: (!) t,ew,lherai', Vogel, Schm. Cabin, iv. p. 21. t. 7. f. 4. a. b (1823). 

 PUrugan imiotlierac, Boisduval, //«/. .Veth. p. 32 (1829) (Gall, m., vi.) ; id.. Call. Jcun. Chen. t. 18. 



f. 1 (18,32) ; Cant., in Silberm., Iter. Ent. i. p. 70 (1833) (Dept. Var) ; Boiad., Spec. Gen. i. 



t. 15. £. 3 (1830) ; Thon, Nat. Schm. p. 103. t. 52. f. 719—721 (1837) ; Luc, in Chenu, Em: 



Hid. Nat., I'ap. \. p. 255. f. 452 ( 1853) ; Men('tr., Enum. Curp. Aniin. Mus. Petr., Lrp. Sujjpl. 



ii. p. 95. n. 1575 (1857) ; Wilde, Ilaup. ii. p. 80. t. 1. f. 9 (1860) ; Stand. & Wocke, Cat. Lep. 



p. 10. n. 30 (1801) ; Boisd., .S>c. Gen. Lep. Ilel. i. p. 312. n. 1 (1875) ; Weiani.,ed. Mold., Stmt. 



Thear. l)e»c. I. p. 256. t. 7. f. 03. 04. 65 (1882) (larva) ; Schiitze, his ix. p. 323. u. 14 (1890) 



(OljerlauHitz). 

 PUrmj:,n aemjthcrae ( !;, Blancbard, Hist. Nut. Ins. iii. p. 478. t. 20. f. 2 (1840). 

 Bphiiu- w.therioc (!), Lalanno, Man. Ent. p. 122. n. 2 (dateV). 

 Pteroi/an proserpina, Staudinger & Wocke, GU. Lep. ed. ii. p. 38. n. 491 (1871) ; Woil., Prwjr. Olier- 



realieh. Innslir. p. 15 (1H80) ; Kill., .lahrlj. Nat. Gcs. Graub. .x.vlii. p. 40 (1880) ; Uoni., .Wnu. 



Lrp. i. p. 72 (1K84) (liurj.ium, vi, vii.) : Miiia-Pal. * Failla-'l'ud., Nat. SkU. vii. p. 1-' (I889j ; 



