( 673 ) 



always different in the sexes ; they are never dentate or pectinate, but the 

 seg-inents of the hook are as a rule conically produced ventrad. The eye is lashed 

 or not. The first segment of the palpus has often a more or less regular apical 

 cavity in the scaling of the outer surface exposing the joint ; the apical scaling of 

 the innerside of the first segment is irregular or regular; the naked surface of the 

 second segment, which is sometimes covered with small disj)ersed scales {E'lc/iloro/i), 

 varies iu size ; the up])er apical angle of this segment, on the innerside, Iiears often 

 a tnft of long scales directed jn-oximad and ventrad. The length and width of the 

 second segment is variable in the subfamily ; in several instances the segment is 

 narrowed and short-scaled, the base of the tongue being exposed (PL LIX. f. Id. 11). 

 Tlie transverse crest in Basiothia at the apex of the first segment, on the outerside 

 reminds one of a similai- crest of Spliinyonaepiopsis {Nephelicaij). The tono-ue is 

 always functional, never much reduced, often twice the length of the body. 



The abdomen is conical in all forms, generally rather long and cndiuo- in a 

 simple pointed tuft, bearing besides the ajiical tuft a rudimentary tuft at each side 

 (J) ; the spines are multiseriate, seldom uniseriate on the last tergites {Xi/lophanes 

 chiroH, crotonis, etc.), resembling in the latter case the spines of Pholus ; the basal 

 sternites bear occasionally weak spines {Cclerio li?ieata) ; the seventh sternite is 

 always without spines, obtusely triangular, membranaceous at end. The sexual 

 armature is always rather simjjle ; the friction-scales, which are never absent, 

 are generally enlarged, mostly few in number, seldom only one present ; in 

 Rhodafra they are numerous and small (reduced). The scent-organ of the forecoxae 

 is more or less distinct. The merum of the midcoxa is not angulate. The tibiae 

 are never spinose. The midtibial spurs are normally unequal in length, the outer 

 one being the shorter ; in Xi/lophunes and Cechenena we find species in which the 

 spurs ai'e equal and also species in which the inner one is the shorter. The hindtibia 

 has always two pairs of spurs. The external sjjines of the first protarsal segment 

 are sometimes enlarged. The midtibial comb is not very prominent. The paro- 

 nychium has always two pairs of lobes, but the pulvillus loses the pad in some 

 species {fielerio euphorbiae, etc.). 



There are 144 species known, which we bring into 14 genera. One genus is 

 t'osmopolitan {Celcrio); two are American {Xi/lophancs and Pkuioji/la); five are 

 African (^llhodafva, Basiothia, Ceutroctena, ( 'haerocinn, Euchloron) ; three are 

 Oriental {Rhayastis, Cechenena, Rlii/nckoluba) ; one is Palearctic, extending to North 

 India (Pcrgem) ; while two are Oriental and African {llippotion, Theretni). The 

 Hpecies are distributed as follows : Neotropical and Nearctic (including L' from the 

 Sandwich Is.), uG ; Holarctic, 1 ; Palaearctic (two extending into North India), i) ; 

 Oriental, 48 ; Aethiopian, 28 ; Oriental and Aethiopian, 1 ; Cosmopolitan, 1. North 

 America is very poor in species of this subfamily, possessing in the temperate zone 

 only one cosmoiwlitan species {liiieata), one Molarctic species {</idlii), and one 

 American species (/<v«r^;, which latter occurs also all over Soulli America, besides 

 Home Neotropical stragglers in the iSouthern Wtates. 



The American genus Xjflophanes is the most generalised of th(^ dhoerocamiiine 

 genera in the structure of the palpus and antenna. Il is worlliy of note that in this 

 genns we find iu many s]iecies an abdominal spination resembling that nf the 

 UMCesl.ral form, which hud, like the Aiucrican I'holux, slender antenua and uniseriate 

 abdominal spines. The genus whi(^h comes next as to the degree of specialisation is 

 ' oHmopolilan, while all the other, more specialised, genera are confined to the Old 

 U'orld, with the exceplinn of tlii' .\inerieiui I'lnnKiri/ln , which is a derivation from 



