( 22« ; 



monographer. Before proceeding to the account of the various races it may be 

 stated that adult males and females do not differ iu coloration ; the latter are, 

 however, smaller, and have a shorter, slenderer bill. Young birds of both sexes 

 are much more brownish beneath, the white markings on the sides of the head 

 are dingy, ill-defined, sometimes even obsolete, the nppcr parts duller as well as 

 darker, etc. 



Synopsis of the subspecies of Thn/othorus coiai/a. 



1. Thrijothorus coraya coraya (Gm.). 



Turdux Corai/u Gmelin, SiihI. Niil. 1, ii. p. 825 (1789. — based on " Lc Coraya de Cayenne," 



Daubenton, PI. enl. 701, fig. 1, and Buffon, llisl. Nat. Ola. iv. p. 454). 

 Thryatfioriis nifliniun Vieillot, Noiiv. Did. 34, p. 56 (1819.— '' Bresil " ; coll. Laugicr). 

 T. nyapiweiisix Ridgway, Pror. U.S. .Mas. x. 1887, p. 510, note (1888. — Oyapoc, Cayenne). 

 T. coraya Pelzeln, Znr Oni. Bras. i. p. 48 (part. : Barra do Kio Nogro) ; Berlepscb, Nov. Zoul. 



XV. 1008, p. 106 (Approuaguo, Ipousin, French Guiana). 

 T. coraya coraya Hellmayr, .lourn.f. Orn. 51, 1903, p. .532 (part. : Cayenne). 

 T. coraya licrherti (errore !) Hellmayr, Jourii. f. Orn. 51, 1903, p. 533 (part. ; specimen ex Barra 



do Rio Negro). 

 T. oyapncemis nyajmcensh Braboume & Chubb, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) x. 1912, p. 262 (French 



Guiana). 



Hab. French Guiana: Cayenne, Iponsin, Approuagne (Cherrie), Oyapoc 

 (Jelski), Saint-Joan-du-Maroni (Le Monlt) ; Surinam: near Paramaribo (Chunkoo). 

 Nortli Brazil : Barra do Kio Negro [= Mandos] (Nattererj. 



Adult. — Upper parts rufous brown, duller on crown and nape ; upper tail- 

 coverts dull rnl'escent brown, cither uniform or with traces of dusky cross-lines ; 

 rectrices regularly barred with blackish and greyish brown or dingy grey, the light 

 bars towards the base of the tail often slightly tinged with fulvous. Sides of 

 head and neck black, varied with numerous well-defined white shaft-stripes ; 

 a very di.stinct superciliary line white. Below : throat and foreneck white, the 

 latter tinged with pale greyish : middle of breast and abdomen dull greyish white 

 or dingy bnftish, chest clouded with brownish ; sides of the body extensively 

 fnlvous-brown ; imder tail-coverts somewhat paler, barred with dusky. 



Juo. — Differ by having the sides of the head sooty blackish with obsolete, 

 greyish wliite markings ; the crown and nape brighter rnfons brown ; the throat 

 more greyisii, tlie for^'ueck smoky grey, and the remainder of the under parts nearly 

 uniform fulvous brown, there being but a few huffy wliite feathers in the middle 

 of the breast. The basal half of the lower mandible is bright yellow, abruptly 

 defined against the blackish tip, while in adult birds the under bill is wholly 

 horn-grey. 



Material. — 1 3 ad. Barra do Rio Negro, 10 from French Guiana, 1 imm. from 

 Surinam. Specimens from different localities average as follows : 



Four adult males from Cayenne (French 



Guiana). . ." . . . Wing 59-01 ; tail .'J3-.56 ; bill 17-18 mm. 

 One adult male from Barra do Rio Negro, 



Brazil ...... 



One adult female from Cayenne 



One immature (not sexed) from Surinam 



Observations. — The series from Cayenne and Surinam is fairly uniform. An 

 adnlt male from Saint-Jean-du-Maroui is rather lighter rufous on the back, 

 approaching T. c. amazoiiicus, though otherwise it is quite typical. The single 



