THE SEA FISHERIES OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. 143 



Mackerel : 



18,172f barrels No. 1 $327,112 



7,065£ barrels No. 2 184 ; 730 



21,763 barrels No. 3 174,104 



4,039f barrels No. 4 24, 205 



Pickled fisb, 31,750 herring 13,494 



163 barrels cod, 40^ barrels s wordfish 1 097 



410f barrels trout, 75| barrels fins and napes 4, 042 



21f barrels salmon, 205 barrels tongues and sounds o, 282 



Shell-fish, clams, &c 10, 000 



6,500 tons manure 20, 000 



All other fish 8, 000 



Oil, other than above 100 000 



4,059,500 



III.— ECONOMICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE PKODUCTS OF 



THE FISHERIES. 



The inhabitants of the sea which occupy a more or less direct rela- 

 tion to man in their economical application are usually classed by the 

 common name of fisb, the term fisheries being applied to the methods of 

 their capture. This, however, is to a certain extent a misnomer, as in 

 addition to what are properly known as fisb we have to consider the 

 cetaceans, such as the whales and porpoises ; the crustaceans, as the 

 crabs, lobsters, and shrimps ; the mollusks or shell-fish, such as the 

 clams, oysters, and the like; the corals, sponges, and many other forms 

 of animal life. 



Tbe uses to which the various marine animals are put are very vari- 

 ous, although by far the most important application is in the way of 

 food for man, and to some extent for the lower animals. 



The objects of the fisheries and the applications of the animals of the 

 sea when caught may be considered under tbe followiug heads : 



(1) Food.— For the direct use by man himself; and, second, as bait 

 for the prosecution of the fisberies. 



(2) Oil. — For food or medicine ; for illumination ; for use in the arts 

 as in the manufacture of soap, tbe dressing of leather, &c. 



(3) Manure. — Applied in a fresh state directly to the soil; as dried 

 and subjected to chemical manipulation and combination with other 

 substances. 



(4) Utility and ornament. — A systematic account of all the uses in 

 their minutest detail to which the inhabitants of the sea are put by man 

 would go far beyond the limits of the present article, and it is possible 

 but briefly to refer to some of the more important, concentrating atten- 

 tion hereafter upon those which bear most closely upon the subject of 

 the value of the fisheries in the United States and the Dominion of 

 Canada. 



For the present it is necessary to leave out the consideration of the 

 cetaceans and other marine mammals, as well as the corals and sponges 



