[27] FLOUNDERS AND SOLES. 251 



23. PHRYNORKOMBUS REGIUS. 



(The Top-Knot.) 



La Petite Limandelle, Dubamel, " Traitc stir la Pesche, iii, sect. 9, p. 270, pi. G, f. 5. v 

 Pleuronectes regius, "la Calirnande royale" Bonuaterre, Eneyclop&lie Me"thodique, 



1788 (after Dubainel). 

 Pleuronectes calimanda Lace"pede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 1803 (after Dubamel}. 

 Pleuronectes punctata s " Fleming, Werner, Mem., ii, 241" (not of Block.) 

 Rhombus unimaculatus Kisso, Europe Mdridiouale, iii, 252, f. 35, 1826 (Nice). 

 Phrynorhombus unimaculatus Gunther, iv, 414, 1862 (Dalmatia ; Plymouth). 

 Scophthalmus unimaculatus Steindacbner, Iclitli. Bericbt., vi, 1868, 49 (Barcelona). 

 Zeugopterus unimaculatus Day, Fisb. Great Britain, ii, 17, pi. xcis (Belfast). 

 Ehombus uniocellatus Nardo, Prodr. Icbtb. Adriat., 135, 1827. 



Habitat.— Coasts of Southern Europe, north to England. 



This small flounder reaches a length of 5 or G inches. Our speci- 

 mens are from Venice. We adopt the earliest name, regius, for this 

 species, as it seems to belong to this fish without doubt. 



Genus XIII.— ZEUGOPTERUS. 



Zeugopterus Gottscbe, Wiegmauu's Arcbiv, 1835, 178 (hirtus). 



Scophthalmus Bonaparte, Catologo Metodico dei Pesci Europei, 184-3, 49 (hirtus). 



(Not of Rafmesque.) 

 Zeugopterus Steenstrup, Oefvers. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Forbandl., 1865, 95-112. 



Type: Pleuronectes hirtus Abilgaard =Pleuronectes punctatus Bloch. 



This genus is distinguished from Pleuronectes both by the union of 

 the ventral and- anal fins, and by the perforation instead of emargina- 

 tion of the septum of the gill-cavity. This latter character was first 

 noticed by Professor Steenstrup, who used it to define his genus Zeu- 

 gopterus, which is equivalent to Lepidorhombus, Zeugopterus, and Phryno- 

 rlwmbus of the present paper. But one species is kuown, widely dif- 

 fused in Northern Europe. 



ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF ZEUGOPTERUS. 



a. Body ovate, covered with small but very rougn sbagreen-like scales ; blind side 

 smootb ; caudal peduncle very short, tbe last rays of dorsal and anal inserted on 

 tbe left side of it almost meeting across tbe base of tbe caudal fin ; none of tbe dor- 

 sal rays exserted ; lateral line indistinct ; eyes large, separated by a very narrow, 

 scaly ridge; snout very sbort; gill-rakers sbort, tbickisb; lips tbick; maxillary 

 balf as long as bead. Left ventral inserted at cbin, fully confluent witb anal ; 

 rigbt ventral long. Brown, witb round black spots, one bebind tbe curve of tbe 

 lateral line, and one bebind this on tbe straight portion ; one near upper edge of 

 gill opening, and one above upper eye ; an oblique band from lower eye to subop- 

 ercle. Depth 2 in length ; head 3 ; D. 93 to 99 ; A. 70 to 80. Vertebra 12 + 25 =37. 



Punctatus, 24. 

 24. ZEUGOPTERUS PUNCTATUS. 



(The Black Fluke.) 



Pleuronectes punctatus Bloch, Ausliindische Fische, iii, 31, tafel 189, 1787. Gmelin, 

 Syst. Natura, p. 1235, 1788. Bloch & Schneider, Systema Ichtb., 1801, p. 155. 



Zeugopterus punctatus Collett, Norges Fiske, 1875, 139. Day, Fishes Great Britain, 

 vol. ii, p. 18, plate 6. 



