[77] FLOUNDERS AND SOLES. 301 



Pleuronecies nigromanus Nilsson, " Prodr. Ichth. Scand., 1832, 55." 



Platessa elongata Yarrell, "Supplement Brit. Fish., 1839." 



I'leuroncetcs elongatus Giinther, iv, 450 (copied). 



Glyptoeeplialus elongatus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, 3152. 



Ghjptoceplialm acadianus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, 360 (Nova Scotia). 



Habitat — North Atlantic, chiefly in deep water, south to Cape Cod 

 and France. 



This species is found in rather deep water on sandy bottoms. It 

 reaches a length of 12 to 18 inches. It is considered a fair food-fish. 



The nominal species, acadianus and elongatus, have been shown by 

 Goode and Bean to be identical with cynoglossus. Beyond this the 

 synonymy needs no special remarks. 



This flounder has been taken in great numbers with the beam trawl 

 in deep Avater off our New England coast. It is pronounced by the U. 

 S. Fish Commission to be not inferior as a food-fish to the European 

 sole. 



91. GLYPTOCEPHALUS ZACHIRUS. 



Glyptocephalus zachirus Lockington, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, p. 88 (San Francisco). 

 Lockingtpn, Rep. Com. Fisheries California, 1878-79, p. 42 (off Point Reyes). 

 Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, p. 453 (San Francisco; Mon- 

 terey Bay). Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, p. 68 (San Fran- 

 cisco ; Monterey). Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1882, p. 838. Jordan, 

 Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anirn., 1884, 18d (deep waters about San Francisco). 



Habitat. — Deep waters of the Northern Pacific ; thus far known only 

 from about San Francisco. 



This species is a thin, dry flounder, reaching a length of something 

 over a foot. It is taken in the sweep-nets in deep water about San 

 Francisco, and thus far has been known from no other locality. It is 

 readily known by its long pectoral fin. 



Genus XXXIX.— SOLEA. 



Solea Klein, Pisces (non-binomial). 



Solea Quensel, Vet. Akad. Handl., 1806, 230 (solea). 



Pegusa Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 1862. iv, 462 (aurantiaca). 



Type : Solea vulgaris Quensel =Pleuronectes solea L. 



As now understood by us, this geuus includes some six or seven 

 species of soles, most of them belonging to the European fauna. The 

 genus is distinguished especially in the group to which it belongs by the 

 elongate body, this elongation being connected with a much increased 

 number of vertebras. The soles of this genus are the only ones having 

 much value as food. They reach a considerably larger size than any 

 others of the species found in America or Europe, and as food-fishes 

 they are especially excellent. The European sole (Solea solea) is the 

 most highly esteemed of them all. 



The subgenus Pegusa cannot well be separated froni the true soles, 

 as Solea lleini is intermediate between the two groups. 



In the waters of the East Indies the related genus Pardachirus Giin- 

 ther (= Achirus Kaup, notCuvier) takes the place of Solea. Its species 



