[83] REVIEW OF THE SCIiENIDiE. 425 



/. Dorsal rays X-I, 22; eye very large, 4^ in bead; snout projecting be- 

 yond lower jaw for a distance about equal to half tlie diame- 

 ter of the eye ; mouth small, inferior, the maxillary reach- 

 ing to below middle of eye, 3 in- head; pectoral 1£ in head, 

 caudal fin /-shaped, the upper lobe pointed, the lower 

 rounded. Color, silvery ; fins blackish. Head 3J in length; 

 depth 4. D. X-I, 22 ; A . I, 8 ; scales 6-54-1 4 . . . . Nasus, 96. 

 ff. Dorsal rays X-I, 19 or 20. 



g. Snout low and pointed, 3f in head, projecting much beyond the pre- 

 maxillaries ; eye rather large, 5^ in head ; body long and low, 

 with rather depressed profile, and low, sharp snout ; maxil- 

 lary extending beyond pupil, 3 in head ; preopercular seme 

 somewhat bony, stifi'er, and more distinct than in any other 

 species, rather small and distant ; gill-rake'rs minute, about 

 half length of nostril ; outer teeth of upper jaw much en- 

 larged, as in 21. alburnus ; scales on breast large ; dorsal 

 spines high, the longest reaching beyond front of soft dorsal, 

 1^ in head ; pectorals rather short, 1£. Color, plain, dark gray 

 above, paler below ; gill cavity dusky ; lower fins all dark. 

 Head 3^ ; depth 4. D. IX-I, 20 ; A. I, 9 ; scales 55 (pores). 



Agassizi, 97. 



gg. Snout rather short and blunt, 4 in head, projecting beyond premax- 

 illaries for about half a diameter of the eye; eye small, 7 

 in head ; maxillary reaching nearly to posterior margin of 

 eye, 3 in head ; outer teeth of upper jaw much enlarged ; pec- 

 toral long, 1£ in head ; ventral 2 in head ; longest dorsal 

 spine as long as pectoral, anal spine half as long as the rays; 

 upper lobe of caudal not produced. Color, plumbeous, bright 

 silvery below ; lower fius mostly black. Head 3 in length ; 

 depth 4. ' D. X-I, 18 to 20 ; A. I, 9 ; scales 6-50-14. 



Panamensis, 98. 

 dd. Soft dorsal longer, its rays I, 23 to I, 25. 



7i. Mouth comparatively large, the maxillary reaching to below middle 

 of eye, 2| to 3£ in head ; teeth on lower pharyngeals acute ; 

 back and sides usually with oblique dusky bars; lower lobe 

 of caudal longest. 

 i. Outer teeth of upper jaw decidedly enlarged; dorsal spines not 

 much elevated, the lougest usually not reaching front of soft 

 dorsal, 1^ to lg- in head. Coloration, grayish silvery, the 

 dark markings not pronounced and often obsolete. 

 j. Dorsal rays X-I, 22 or 23 ; snout rather shorter and less pointed 

 than in M. americanus, 3£ in head; mouth smaller, the max- 

 illary 3 in head. Coloration usually plain, sometimes very 

 dark, otherwise as in Menticirrhus americanus. Head 3f ; 

 depth 4h D. X-I, 22 or 23 (rarely 24); A. I, 7; scales 55 



(6-52-10) Martinioensis, 99. 



jj. Dorsal rays X-I, 24 or 25 ; snout longer, 3£ in head; maxillary 

 reaching nearly to middle of eye, 2f to 3 in head; eye small, 

 2 in snout ; teeth villiforin, in broad bands, the outer series of 

 the upper jaw very much enlarged, larger than in the other 

 species; ventrals short, 1* in pectorals; pectorals 1£ in 

 head; caudal /-shaped, the broad rounded lower lobe longer 

 than the acute upper; scales all ctenoid, those of the breast 

 larger and regularly placed. Color, grayish silvery, with ob- 

 scure darker clouds along the back and sides : these marks 



