562 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [24] 



Mr. Haack declares that it not advisable to plant eggs in large lakes and 

 rivers, he states that be bas made some experiments in small streams 

 and lakes. 



In Italy (at least in many parts of it) tbe Squalhts cavedanus would 

 bave to be feared particularly ; but I take tbe liberty to state tbat, wben 

 some years ago I planted eggs during spring in some large lakes of up- 

 per Italy, I invariably found tbe water in wbicb I planted tbe eggs free 

 from fisb. Moreover, if it is logical to presume tbat young fish freed 

 from tbe umbilical bag, lively and well able to swim, will be better pre- 

 pared to escape their voracious enemies than the sluggish eggs, it will 

 not be entirely unreasonable to suppose that young fish which are still 

 impeded in swimming by the umbilical bag will not be particularly ac- 

 tive, and able to escape from their enemies even if they should hide in 

 the maze of the gravelly bottom. 



Species of salmonoids which are cultivated in the fish-cultural establish- 

 ments visited by one. — The post of honor among the salmonoids which 

 form tbe object of artificial fish-culture in Switzerland, Germany, and 

 the Netherlands is held by the salmon, Salmo salar, a veritable gastro- 

 nomic delicacy, which gives rise to a considerable trade. 



The variety which enters during the spawning season the large rivers 

 of Central Europe from the North Sea and the Baltic is in German 

 called " Lachs," while the barren variety wbicb lives in fresh water and 

 does not go into the sea is called "Winter Salm." 



All public administrations prohibit salmon fishing during the period 

 when these fish go up the rivers to spawn ; and no fish«of this kind are 

 allowed to be sold until it has been officially ascertained that the eggs 

 destined for artificial fecundation bave been laid. 



Artificial fecundation is practiced, for instance, at Basel by Mr. Glaser, 

 at Lauffeuburg by tbe agents of the Fishery Company, which for this 

 privilege pays a considerable sum to the Governments of Baden and 

 Aargau. It is also practiced at Neuhausen, in the cantonal establish- 

 ments of Zurich, and at Dachsen. Mr. Glaser also furnished salmon 

 eggs to the Hiiningen establishment before Mr. Haack taught fecunda- 

 tion according to the most approved modern method. I have also wit- 

 nessed the incubation of salmon eggs in the establishments of Neuhau- 

 sen, Selzenbof, Seewiese, Cosmandorf, Velp, and Apeldoorn. 



The young fish are mostly intended for open rivers, and are there- 

 fore sold to the various governments. Salmon eggs fecundated at 

 Selzenbof have been bought by the Government of Saxony, and have 

 been hatched at Cosmandorf, to be placed eventually in the river 

 Wesenitz, a tributary of the Elbe. The establishment at Cosmandorf 

 has also rendered this service to the Academy of Forestry at Tharand, 

 in Saxony, where Professor Nitsche does bis share in aiding the diffu- 

 sion of fish-culture. The Saxon Government pays the Cosmandorf 

 establishment 1 mark 30 pfennige [about 31] cents for every thousand 

 young salmon batched. 



