[25] FISH CULTURE IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 563 



The Velp establishment hatches salmon for the river Yssel, and re- 

 ceives from the Netherlands Government 2 cents (Butch) [about 1 cent 

 American money] for each young salmon, and receives in all a sum 

 amounting to 25,000 lire [$4,825], which the Netherlands Government 

 pays to the various fish-cultural establishments in the Netherlands, 

 which are charged with restocking the rivers. 



At Velp about 500,000 salmon eggs can be hatched, 300,000 of which 

 are obtained from fish in the Netherlands waters, while 200,000 are re- 

 ceived from the Upper Ehine. Besides young fry, salmon one year old 

 are also placed in the rivers; and the Government pays at the rate of 

 50 centesimi [about 10 cents] per fish. Another half million salmon 

 eggs can be hatched at Apeldoorn. 



At Apeldoorn the California salmon is also hatched, which devel- 

 ops quicker than the Ehine salmon. It is this salmon which the emi- 

 nent fish-culturist, Mr. von Baer, president of the German Fishery 

 Association, considers (as he informed me) as peculiarly adapted to the 

 rivers flowing into the Mediterranean, owing to the fact that there is 

 much greater analogy between that sea and the Pacific than between 

 the North Sea and the Pacific. Mr. von Baer has, during the years 

 1877 to 1880, planted in the Danube, which flows into the Black Sea, 

 070,000 eggs of the California salmon. 



The eggs of the Salmo sebago, another fish of American origin, also 

 develop very rapidly ; and large numbers of these fish are now found 

 at Seewiese, where during the time of my visit 2,000 eggs were hatched 

 and where some tolerably large specimens were found in ponds. 



Trout culture is carried on still more extensively, and I have seen it 

 in operation in all the establishments which I visited. Fecundation of 

 Salmofario (the common European river or brook trout) is everywhere 

 practiced with spawning fish taken in the immediate neighborhood. 

 It is not so common to find establishments which devote themselves to 

 the Salmo or Trutta lacustris, and the only ones where I have seen this 

 done are Hiiningen and Selzenhof. 



In some cases the indigenous species do not satisfy the fish-culturists 

 and they have commenced to introduce some foreign varieties of the 

 trout; among the rest the Salmo irideus, or the Trutta iridea, from 

 California. The oldest specimens of Trutta iridea are found at Hii- 

 ningen, where they were obtained from eggs which came direct from 

 America in 1882, and which have already propagated their species in 

 their new home. The value of this trout, according to Mr. Haack is 

 in the fact that it is an unusually hardy fish, and is therefore sure to 

 thrive in Germany. 



I have also seen some Trutta iridea (one year old) at Liibbinchen 

 and some (two years old) at Michaelstein. Mr. Schuster also has some 

 Salmo carpio from the Garda lake, which he keeps in cemented tanks at 

 Badolfszell, and which he obtained from eggs furnished to him from 

 Torbole Trentino. 



