[41] FISH CULTURE IN CENTRAL EUROPE. 579 



B.— NOTES ON FISH-CULTURE IN GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, 

 AND THE NETHERLANDS, BY DR. VINCIGUERRA. 



I. — Germany. 



1. Hiiningen. — The imperial establishment of fish-culture at Hiiningen 

 is situated in Alsace, at a short distance from the Swiss boundary, and 

 ouly 8 kilometers from Basel. Founded in 1854 by Professor Coste and 

 two engineers, Berthotand Detzein, it passed through different phases 

 and finally into the possession of the German Government; and since 

 that time Mr. Hermann Haack has been its director. 



The establishment has no fixed allowance from the Government, be- 

 cause it should, if possible, be self-supporting, but the expenses have, 

 so far, always considerably exceeded the income ; and the deficiency 

 has been made up by the German Government, in the shape of a com- 

 pensation paid for young salmon placed in the Rhine every year. 



The ground on which the establishment stands belongs to the village 

 of Blotsheim, covers an area of 39.56 hectares [97f acres], and is rented 

 for an annual sum of $465.22. 



The water of the establishment is supplied by copious springs, of 

 which there is a sufficient number in the neighborhood, from a small 

 brook called the Augraben, and from the canal connecting the Rhone 

 and the Rhine. For the hatching of the eggs Director Haack prefers 

 this water to brook and spring water, because it seems that the latter con- 

 tains larger quantities of the germs of the much-dreaded mold; more- 

 over, it is too warm, having a constant temperature of 10° R. [54.5° F.], 

 while the temperature of the brook and canal water falls even to the 

 freezing-point. The water is no longer filtered in the true sense of the 

 term; but before being distributed through the establishment, it passes 

 through grates and fascines, in order to keep out any large foreign 

 bodies. 



The ground floor of the principal building and that of the left wing 

 are devoted to the hatching of the eggs of salmonoids. The eggs of 

 the common trout are gathered and fecundated in the establishment 

 from fish raised there ; the eggs of lake trout, salmon, Salvelinus, Thy- 

 mallus, Coregonus, &c, are received from abroad. Of tlie five kinds of 

 American salmonoids introduced into Europe a few years ago through 

 the efforts of the German Fishery Association, two are raised in the 

 establishment. These are the American trout, or " Bachsaibling " (Salvc- 

 linusfontinalis), and the California trout, or rainbow trout (Salmo wid- 

 ens), both distinguished by their beautiful color and their fine shape. 

 The former has already been sufficiently spread by fish-culturists; while 

 the latter is not yet found so generally ; although Mr. Haack thinks, if 

 specially cultivated, it will yield very fine results. 



The Hiiningen establishment carries on an active trade in the eggs of 

 salmonoids, $2,332.40 worth of these eggs having been sold during the 



