584 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [46] 



on the von deni Borne plan, but without the third inside box. 1 also 

 saw a Holton apparatus, but it was not in use. Outside the hatching- 

 house there is a wooden tank containing trout of both sexes destined 

 to serve as propagators. 



The establishment does not have a commercial object, and only serves 

 to stock the neighboring waters. Only trout and salmon are raised. 

 An attempt was made some time ago to introduce Salvelinus in some of 

 the ponds, but they were soou devoured by the trout. 



G. Tharand (Academy of Forestry). — There is not a genuine fish-cult- 

 ural establishment, with a practical object, near the Tharand Academy 

 of Forestry ; but it possesses only a small room for the various hatching 

 apparatus used by Professor Nitsche in his fish-cultural course. He 

 showed me all the material used by him in this course, which never lasts 

 longer than a week, and which has already been followed by good 

 results. 



7. Wilthen. — This establishment is located near Schirgiswalde, in 

 Saxony. Its foundation is due to the above-mentioned course of fish- 

 culture by Professor Nitsche at Tharand. The ground belongs to the 

 Catholic church at Bautzen, and the establishment is managed by Mr. 

 Waurick, superintendent of forestry, who deserves credit for having 

 founded it. But here, as in other places, the monks had in olden times 

 already constructed some carp ponds. At present only trout are raised 

 for the market. The establishment does not receive any subsidy. 



The water comes from a spring at a distance of about one kilometer 

 [nearly two-thirds of a mile] and is led through a conduit into a receiv- 

 ing reservoir, whence it passes into the hatching-house. The temper- 

 ature of the water, at 1 the time of my visit, was L'° B. [36.5° P.]; but- it 

 may fall to the freezing-point, and rise a great deal in summer. The 

 water is filtered through two flannel filters, which are in the hatching- 

 room. It flows through a wooden conduit, which can be opened in order 

 to be cleaned. This conduit, outside the house, and the tank, are cov- 

 ered with straw to prevent the water from freezing. 



For hatching, California boxes are used (Nitsche system), and wooden 

 troughs, about l.J meters [5 feet] long. In each of these there are two 

 wooden frames with a wire bottom, on which the eggs are placed. After 

 the eggs are hatched, the frames are removed, and the young fish are left 

 free in the troughs until they have lost the umbilical sac, or even some 

 time longer, feeding them artificially with meat chopped fine. They are 

 then taken to the brook, fed from the receiving reservoir with spring 

 water, where they remain till autumn, when they are caught and con- 

 veyed to the ponds, where they stay at least a year, until they have 

 reached a weight of at least 250 grams [8| oz.]. Above the place where 

 the fish are the brook is closed by a sluice, and below by a metal grating, 

 so that the fish cannot escape. 



There are a great many ponds, some of them very large ; they are 

 connected with the brook which passes through them in the shape of 



