586 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [48] 



sterlets from the Volga, Coregoni from the Madue lake and from the 

 Lake of Constance, American Coregoni, iSalcelinus, Salmo irideus, &c. 



The temperature of tbe water iu the pond" does not differ much from 

 that of the air; in summer it may get as high as 20° to 25° E. [77° to 

 88° F.], and in winter the ponds are apt to freeze. Mr. Eckardt deserves 

 special credit for having succeeded in hatching the eggs of the delicious 

 Coregoni of the Madue lake, and artificially raising these fish, which are 

 greatly esteemed by Germans; but still more for the impetus he has 

 given to the industry of carp cultivation. lie succeeded in transporting 

 the eggs a considerable distance by causing the carp to spawn on juniper 

 branches placed in the ponds, these eggs being glutinous and therefore 

 adhering to the branches. After these branches have been in the water 

 some time they are taken out covered with eggs, which, even when trans- 

 ported .some distance, will, under favorable conditions, develop nor- 

 mally. In special and very simple apparatus he ships live carp to a 

 great distance, even as far as Xorth America. 



9. JJernenehen. — The most important fish-cultural establishment visited 

 by me is without doubt the one belonging to the distinguished fish- 

 culturist, Max von dein Borne, located on his estate of Berneuchen, at a 

 short distance from the city of Kiistriu, in that part of the province of 

 Brandenburg called the " Neumark." Mr. von dem Borne founded this 

 establishment in 1876, entirely at his own expense, and he does not re- 

 ceive any subsidy whatever. As a general rule he does not carry on 

 the business of selling eggs or fish, and merely labors in the public in- 

 terest for the German Fishery Association. 



The water of the Berneuchen establishment is brought from a stream 

 called the "Mietzel," by means of a canal, which also furnishes the water- 

 power for some mills. Its temperature varies very considerably; in 

 winter it falls as low as zero (when I visited Berneuchen its temperature 

 was 2o B. [30.5° F.]), and in summer it may get as high as 20° B. [77 F.j. 

 The roof of the hatching-house is covered with tarred pasteboard, under 

 which there are two thicknesses of boards, to which recently one of 

 pasteboard has been added; one of the walls runs along the canal and 

 ■ is of masonry, while the others are of wood. Inside, the house is divided 

 into 2 rooms ; in the first there are 4 basins, 1 large and 3 small ones, 

 intended for young carp ; and the filtering apparatus. The water is 

 made to pass through four compartments filled with sand, and through 

 a flannel filter. From these filters the water passes into the second room, 

 in the middle of which it runs in an open conduit of cement, from which 

 by means of common faucets it is distributed to the right and the 

 left. On both sides, and a little lower than the central conduit, there 

 are cement basins, 7 on each side, about 2 meters long [GA- feet]. Each 

 of these basins contain 4 California boxes, the 2 upper ones large, and 

 the lower ones somewhat smaller, which serve for hatching salmon and 

 trout eggs. For hatching Coregonus eggs a special apparatuses used, 

 invented by von dem Borne, and called the " automatic selector." To 



