[53] FISH CULTURE IN CENTRAL EUROPE, 591 



The Geneva establishment hatches eggs of the Swiss and. American 

 Coregonus, Thymallus, and Salvelinus, but principally eggs of lake 

 trout, of which about 500,000 are raised per annum. The attempt has 

 been made to introduce salmon in the lake, but it has not proved suc- 

 cessful. 



III. — Netherlands. 



15. Velp. — The Velp establishment is near Arnhem, at a short distance 

 from the castle of Billiom, on the river Yssel. Its director is Mr. II. E. 

 Bontjes. It was founded in 1871, with a view to placing young salmon 

 in the Yssel ; but now it distributes them in nearly all the rivers of the 

 Netherlands. The Dutch Governmen t pays about 1 cent for every young 

 salmon, and about 10 cents for every one-year-old salmon placed in pub- 

 lic waters, expending for this purpose a total sum of nearly $5,000. The 

 establishment consists of a large and very high hall, 15 meters long and 

 10 meters broad [about 49 x 33 feet]. 



The water used is spring water. It comes in an open canal, a distance 

 of 4 to 5 kilometers [about 3 miles]. h\ winter its temperature some- 

 times falls to 1° C. [34° F.J, aud even lower, while in summer it rises to 

 20° [77° F.]. Near the establishment it is collected in galvanized-iron 

 pipes, through which it flows into a basin placed in front of the house, 

 whence it passes into another basiu inside. The water first goes into a 

 little room, and is gathered in a cask, through a metal grating intended 

 to keep out all impurities ; thence it passes, through a funnel filled with 

 small sponges, into a large vat, half filled with gravel, and from this it 

 goes into the hatching-room. In this room there are four rows of double 

 troughs, in cement, arranged on six steps. The lower trough, however, 

 is not divided, and each row therefore consists of ten vessels, each 2 me- 

 ters long and 86 centimeters broad [about 79 x 34 inches], and of a last 

 one twice as broad. In these troughs the salmon eggs are placed on 

 Coste frames, which often have a network of clay pipe-stems. Above 

 the cement troughs others, made of wood, can be placed. The water 

 flows under the pavement of the hall, whence it rises vertically in pipes, 

 through which 1 it flows into the troughs. 



Besides the two basins referred to for trout aud one-year-old salmon, 

 there are five basins for salmon, six for trout, and two for Chinese gold- 

 fish. During the first state the young fish are fed with brains chopped 

 fine, then with heart, &c. 



The establishment makes a specialty of hatching salmon eggs, of 

 which it can hold 500,000. The eggs are mostly obtained from fish 

 caught in the Netherlands, aud in that case from dead females and from 

 fish from the Upper Ehiue. Besides salmon I have so en the eggs of 

 trout and the American Saloelinus hatched in this establishment. 



16. Apeldoorn. — The establishment of Apeldoorn, founded in 18S0 by 

 Mr: J. Noordhoek Ilegt, is 4 Dutch miles from Apeldoorn. It receives its 

 water from a spring at a distance of about 3 kilometers [nearly 2 miles], 



