4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 40. 



In the same year P. H. Carpenter published an account of the 

 crinoids occurring between the Faroe Islands and Gibraltar, mostly 

 based upon the results of the work of the Porcupine expedition, and 

 he also finished the monograph on the stalked crinoids which had been 

 obtained by the Challenger. This latter is more comprehensive in 

 scope than is indicated by its title, for it includes an account of the 

 material obtained by all the other exploring ships, in so far as he had 

 access to it, and cites nearly all of the published references, thus offer- 

 ing a reasonably complete summary of everything known in regard 

 to the recent stalked crinoids previous to 1884. Four years later this 

 monograph was followed by a similar work dealing with the coma- 

 tulids; but this is less comprehensive in its scope, so that species not 

 among the Challenger collections are neither described in detail nor 

 figured. As the Challenger obtained but a single species while in 

 African waters, at Simons Bay, Natal, and that a well-known form 

 (Comanthus wahlhergii), it is evident that African species receive a 

 comparatively small amount of attention. 



Hartlaub's monograph on the comatulid fauna of the East Indian 

 Archipelago, published in 1891 (after a preliminary paper in 1890), 

 fills many of the gaps left by Carpenter in the Challenger monograph. 

 Two new African species, one from the Red Sea (Antedon Munzingeri) 

 and the other from the Ivory coast (Antedon hupferi), are described 

 as new and figured, and two others, known from the Red Sea since 

 1817 and 1833, are for the first time adequately figured. 



Bell in 1892 described a new species of " Antedon" from Mauritius 

 under the name of A. emendatrix. Ever since then it has been a 

 great puzzle to determine what the species really is, as the diagnosis 

 is far from clear, and there is a possibility that it covers two distinct 

 species belonging to two different genera, one of which is a species of 

 Cenometra, though Bell did not recognize its affinity with C. bella, 

 which Hartlaub had made known two years previously. 



In 1899 Hubert Ludwig published an important paper upon the 

 echinoderms of Zanzibar, based upon a collection made in that 

 country by Doctor Voeltzkow. In this he recapitulates the previous 

 records for the region about Zanzibar published by von Martens, 

 Rathbun, Pourtales, and Carpenter, and adds Antedon flagellata, a 

 species previously known only from Singapore and the Pelew Islands. 



The work of the steamer Valdivia while under charter to the Ger- 

 man Government resulted in the discovery of two interesting crinoids 

 off the coast of Somaliland, which are figured by Professor Chun, 

 with tentative identifications furnished by Professor Doderlein, in his 

 interesting account of the voyage (Aus den Tiefen des Weltmeeres). 

 One of these was a species of Rhizocrinus, a genus known from many 

 places in the Atlantic, but hitherto only known outside that area 

 from the indefinite report of Korotneff, who found a large species 



