oe 
On the dniheatite Region, Yc. Ka Pemeyleoma re 
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vines, bordered by hills of from three? to Four hundred feet 
elevation, that rise with steep acclivities, presenting mural 
and projecting precipices of gray sand-stone, in places jut- 
ting over the road and torrent. ‘The sand-stone is ordinari- 
ly fine, but is sometimes a coarse aggregate, principally 
quartz. lis thin laminz are generally in a horizontal position. 
The lower strata, often in a decomposing state, contain vegeta- 
ble impressions. This rock usually rests on dark and very fis- 
sile argillaceous schist, that contains much sulphuret of iron, 
and forms the roof and floor of numerous beds of bituminous 
coal, adjacent to these streams. hese beds are from a few 
inches to five feet in thickness, and occur at various altitudes, 
00 feet above the river, to a great depth below. The 
salt cae on the Conemaugh and Kiskaminitas, situated 4 
miles apart, are supplied with water by boring. The rich- 
est water is procured by penetrating from four to five hun- 
dred feet. Copper tubes, 14 inches in diameter, are inserted 
in the perforation, in which the salt water rises to a level with 
the river, accompanied by sulphuretted hydrogen gas, = 
in considerable quantity. This gas diminished after m 
outlets had been made, and the water did not rise so ist 
boring, <= water is seldom found below one hundred feet 
rom the surface. Veins of coal and slate were penetrated at 
various epee, and narrow beds of limestone, lying deep, were 
passed through. Some of the lower strata were represented 
as very hard, and others soft; this last is supposed to be gyp- 
sum. Salt springs are generally struck by boring, in the ra- 
vine at Kiskaminitas; but in two instances the ground was 
penetrated 450 and 650 feet, without t meeting salt water. 
= the process of manufacturing, salt water is pumped, by 
se power, into large troughs, where the earthy particles, 
fot ‘held j in solution, mostly subside. It is soon passed into the 
boiling pan, which is of cast iron, and shallow. After boiling a 
considerable time, it is drawn off into aid where t 
of iron, which is abundant, and earthy salts, subside, toget 
er with a portion of muriate of soda. "The clear brine is 
passed off to a boiler, in which the git in fine ery stals, is 
——— and then removed to drain. No use is made of 
the sulphate of soda, of which Aere? is considerable in the . 
water. Tt would, perhaps, be an improvement of the pro- 
cess, if the precipitation of the iron and earthy salts was ef 
fected with less boiling, and the salt crystallized in shallow 
pans, by a heat short of ebullition, ; the crystals would be 
