2 
Lead Mines, &c. uf Hampshire County, Mass. 249 
between the sandstone and granite. The question now oc- 
curs, how have these masses, and especially the quartz be- 
come thus rounded and smoothed? Whence, also, have come. 
the garnets that are found here, and whence the mica scales 
seen in the sand formation? Not from any locomotion of 
the masses themselves, for they have none: not from the at+ 
trition of the earth in which they are imbedded, for the earth 
is not moved, below aa or three feet, at all, and this only 
by the frost, whereas, these masses in the hard pan, are found 
at all depths, quite down to the rock formation: not by the 
decomposition of the rocky rates for the masses are as sound 
way, than ~ supposing that the earth was once covered with 
water, and that these masses, after being detached from their 
ee rock strata, were rounded, and the quartz polished 
by currents. e garnets, we must believe, were originally 
on mica ail talcose slate, and detached by the destruction 
of their native rocks. e hard pan, I conceive to be the 
debris of primitive rocks ; suidleed. the stony aspect of this 
earth seems to betray its origin. I ought to have menti 
that the hard pan earth forms by far the greatest share in 
this region. See note A, at the end of this communication. 
Alluvion. | 
I have not mtch examined this earth. It, however, forms 
only a narrow strip along the banks of Connecticut river, 
generally on both sides, and also it is often seen beside the 
streams in this region. It — been supposed that Connecti-+ 
cut river was once d the range of Mount Hol- 
‘Mount Tom, 7 thet ee 
tthe earth at its bottom; but that the river was ever 
i +; much doubted by many, at least, much of the earth 
that has been supposed to have been deposited at the bottom 
of the lake, is decidedly of the tertiary formation. 
Metallic Veins-=marked 12 on the map. 
The first nietallic vein that 4 shall notice, is the vein ‘of ile 
eeous carbonate of manganese, at Cummington. This mineral 
first makes it apreste wee Oo nes 
house, in the stone walls by the way S! 
ed the siliceous oxide of manganese, but has been ascertained 
by Dr. Emmons of Chester, to be the carbonated oxid of man 
a2 
VOL. Xl. No. 2 
