126 Polar Explorations, 
coasts of Spitzbergen, was unable to proceed beyond 79° 
50! e was further employed in 1611, but after surmoun- 
ting numberless difficulties, lost his ship at Spitzbergen. In 
1514, 15, Baffin and Fotherby were equally unsuccessful. 
he Russians and Dutch had not slumbered upon a sub- 
ject so interesting to commerce, and among many unavailing 
attempts during a century, the celebrated Dutch navigator 
Wm. Barentz succeeded so far as to winter in 1596, in Nova 
Zembla N. 70° 20’, which had already been visited by Bur- 
rough, master of a pinnace belonging to Sir Hugh Willough- 
by’s fleet.* . 
Several fruitless attempts were made by successive adven- 
er the Dukes o had. acquired the throne and ti- 
tle of the Tartar Czars, many enterprising individuals pushed 
their discoveries to the north and east.f ‘They soon found 
passable. He ascended the highest, but could perceive noth- 
ing except interminable ice, and having consumed his pro- 
visions was compelled to return, which he effected.with diffi- 
culty, some of his dogs having perished. 
* Hackluyt, Vol. 1. p. 274. { Ed. New Phil. Mag. 
