128 Polar Explorations. 
In 1819, two expeditions were ordered, one by land under 
the direction of Capt. Franklin of the royal navy, and the 
other by sea under the command of Capt. Parry. Capt. 
Franklin was instructed to proceed to the mouth of the Cop- 
permine River (discovered in 1771 by Mr. Hearne) which falls 
into the arctic sea in 69° N. 110° W. and thence to navigate 
the coast of that sea east, if possible, until it washes the 
north eastern shores of America. 
Capt. Parry was placed in command of two ships, the 
Hecla and Griper, which were strengthened in every possi- 
ble way to adapt them to such a perilous service. The 
number of men amounted to ninety four, including Capt. 
Sabine, astronomer to the expedition, and the officers of 
both ships. They were munificently provided with every 
thing to defend them from the rigors of the climate, with 
provisions and stores for two years, and a large supply of 
preserved fresh meats in tin cases, lemon juice, sour krout, 
and approved anti-scorbutics, They were furnished 
with philosophical instruments, and numerous nts to 
such violence, as to threaten the ships, strengthened as they 
were, with instant destruction. 
