138 AMERICAN JOURNAT, 



and hence the evident relations of the apophyses will outweigh 

 the former in determining the arrangement of the genera. Even 

 in this manner far less violence is done than if we regarded 

 them both as sub-genera of a single heterogeneous group. 



Genus KRAUSSINA, Dav. 



Kraussina, Dav., An. Nat. Hist., 1861, p. 39. Bronn. Mala- 

 cozoa, iii, part i, pp. 304, 306, 309. Martens Zool. Rec, 

 1864, et seq. 



Kraussia, Dav., An. Nat. Hist, ix, p. 369, 1852. Woodw. 

 R. and Fos. Shells, p. 219. Dav. Int. Brit. Brach. p. 

 69. H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll, ii, 578. Gray, 

 B. M. Cat. p. 109. Rve., Conch. Icon. pi. ix. Journ. 

 de Conchyl; 1861, p. 131. Dav., An. Nat. Hist. vol. 16, 

 p. 430, 1855. Chenu. Man. de Conchyl. vol. ii, p. 206. 

 Nom. preoc. teste Davidson. 



Terebratula, [capensis), Krauss., Sud-Afr. Moll. 1848. 



Shell with a straight hinge line, truncated beak and large in- 

 complete foramen. Both valves possessing a more or less marked 

 false area. The umbo of the neural valve is separated from the 

 foramen by a more or less prominent septum. Shell structure 

 conspicuously punctate. In the hsemal valve a mesial ridge ex- 

 tends from the apex to the centre of the shell : at its anterior 

 extremity it is projected upwards, forming a stout process bear- 

 ing two lateral processes, which are somewhat angulated, some- 

 times bifid, and are extended toward the margin of the valve 

 anteriorly. The brachia are very small, the central spiral lobe 

 minute, and the mouth is situated behind the brachia. Pedicel 

 muscles leaving a strong impression on the hinge line of the 

 haemal valve. 



Fig. 17. 



Fig. 17. Eramsma rubra, haemal valve, f. 



Type. Kraussina rubra, Pallas, fig. 17. 



Kraussina rubra, Dav., An. N. H. 1861, p. 89. 

 Anomia rubra, Pall., 1766, Misc. Zool. pi. xiv, fig. 2, 11. 

 Anomia striata, Chemn. viii, p. 94, pi. 77, fig. 703. 

 Anomia capensis, Gmel., S. N. p. 3347. Dillw., Rec. Sh. i, 

 p. 292. 



