SALMON AND TROUT IN ALASKA. 15 



Pectoral and lower fins uncolored, caudal and dorsal greenish, fading dislally, black 

 punctulations on membranes, dorsal with blackish front margin. Iris brassy. 



In preserved specimens the general color is silvery, with the dusky shades as 

 described for the humpback, but never so dark on the back. PaiT marks along lateral 

 line elliptical or oval in shape, narrower and longer (deeper) toward the head; gi-eatest 

 diameter equal to eye, usually more numerous and narrower than in the sockeye, and 

 not becoming bars as in the coho and king; also more subdued by the silver overcast 

 than in the two last-mentioned species; along median dorsal line a row of small blotches 

 sometimes coalescent into a mere stripe, the area between this and the parr marks 

 usually spotted with round dots less than half diameter of pupil; occasionally a few 

 broken blotches below. Dorsal and caudal membranes and first ray of pectoral dusky; 

 other fins immaculate. 



The dog-salmon fingerling (pi. ii, fig. 3) is less slender in outline than the humpback, 

 which, except that the dog salmon is obviously scaled, it otherwise resembles. 



In 26 examples from Whidby Island, taken June 30, 1903, 78 to 122 mm. total length, 

 sexes in equal numbers, the average depth is 5.1 in body (4.87-5.4); head 4.4; eye 3.3 

 in head; pectoral 2—; dorsal 2+; anal 3; ventral 2.4; developed anal rays 13 and 14; 

 branchiostegals 13-13 to 14r-15; gillrakers 8-12 to 9-15, longest about equal to pupil, 

 spanning about 3 interspaces (sometimes only 2); scales 130 to 146, average 139. In 

 specimens from Dundas Bay, July 24, 67 to 103 mm., the gillrakers are somewhat 

 shorter, f to once the diameter of pupil, covering 2 to SJ interspaces; scales 129 to 136, 

 average 132. 



In fingerlings from Naha Bay, July 2, 50 to 65 mm. in length, the parr marks are still 

 apparent. In sea-run examples from Karluk Beach, July 24, up to 100 mm., they 

 scarcely show through the scales, but are quite evident when the scales are stripped. 

 The other coloration much as in the late fry stage; chin dusky; several rays of the 

 pectoral with punctulations; tip of dorsal, except last ray, distinctly black; tip of 

 caudal black, marked even in fork, this black tip of caudal distinguishing them 

 roughly from the humpback of the same size, though the scaling must be the final test. 



The King Salmon, Oncorhynchns tschawytscha (Walbaum). 



The young king salmon (pi. i, fig. 4, figm-e and description from Karluk River speci- 

 mens) at the time of the complete union of the ventral walls are from 35 to 37 mm. aver- 

 age length. In general outline they are less slender and tapering than the humpback 

 or dog salmon. The depth, greatest in the region of front of dorsal, 4.25 in body; head 

 about 3.33 to 3.5; eye 2.5 in head; pectoral 1.75, vertical fins high, dorsal 1.5; anal 2; 

 ventrals 2.33; gillrakers about 4-11, short and well separated, longest equal to one-half 

 diameter of pupil, spanning 1 interspace. The increased number of branchiostegal 

 and anal fin rays (about 16 in each) help to distinguish this species. 



Ground color of specimens in alcohol silvery, and except breast and in front of ven- 

 trals, with fine punctulations; about 9 to 12 long narrow parr marks usually equal to or 

 greater in width than the silvery interspaces and lying about equally on either side of 

 lateral line; a dark median dorsal line in front of dorsal fin, not so e\ddent in caudal 

 region ; between this and the parr marks numerous round or oval blotches about size of 

 pupil, the larger of these alternating with the parr marks so that it gives the upper end 

 of these the appearance of being symmetrically margined by the silvery of the ground 

 color; caudal lunation comparatively deep. In the Sacramento the caudal some- 

 times has a reddish tinge, and shades of yellow may appear on the ventrals and anal. 



Yearlings (pi. iii) from Karluk Lagoon, about 137 mm. long, have the follow- 

 ing measurements: Depth 4.4; head 4; eye 3.5-4; pectoral 1.6-1.7; dorsal 1.8-2; 

 anal 2.3-3; ventral 2.2-2.3; greatest depth about midway between pectoral and 

 dorsal, gracefully tapered to tip of the rather sharp nose. Gillrakers 10-13; longest 

 equal to or less than diameter of pupil, spanning about 2 interspaces. (In adults 

 10731—07 2 



