Osburn. — Science and Practice in Fisheries Work 77 



theories have been disproved many times during the last few years. 

 Without being too confident in the instruments of science which have 

 accomplished so much in other industries, and in the oyster industry of 

 France, it may be reasonable to hope that technically equipped men may 

 be able 'to do something for the oyster industry. 



I would like to emphasize the point made by Mr. RadcHffe this 

 afternoon with regard to the intermediary between the scientist and the 

 practical man — the technologist. The motto of the Massachusetts Insti- 

 tute of Technology is Mens et manus, the head and the hand. In chem- 

 istry, in physics, in engineering, in fifteen or sixteen different courses 

 they fill in the gap between practice and theory. Biology is included in 

 the list; and one side of biology, of course, is this fishing industry. 



Mr. Lewis Radcliffe, Washington, D. C. : My work takes me out 

 among the commercial fishermen a great deal, and it would be a surprise 

 to many of you to know how open-minded and interested the men in 

 the commercial fisheries are with regard to the scientist's work. In some 

 plants they are maintaining laboratories at considerable expense, and 

 they have an open mind in regard to these matters. I am wondering 

 how long this Society would last if there were no commercial fisheries 

 in this country. It seems to me that we have a common interest and 

 that we ought to work together. 



Let me digress a little to point out that in connection with the work 

 of the Bureau of Fisheries we carried out a technological investigation 

 into matters affecting the salting of fish. The technologist was not a 

 practical salter, and it would have taken him many months to learn the 

 practical end of it. What we did in that case was to hire a practical 

 Salter, bring him to Washington and have the technologist teach him 

 our 'method. While a few experiments of his own failed, the practical 

 application of the method he was taught by the technologist was suc- 

 cessful. Thus the technologist and the practical man come to have a 

 higher regard for the work of each other. 



Prof. E. E. Prince, Ottawa, Canada: I think the connection between 

 .the scientific man and the practical fisherman has already been^ accom- 

 plished to some extent, because, as I understand it, at the Pacific meeting 

 in San Francisco the practical men did come forward and subscribe to 

 the funds of the Society. They made donations of various kinds, and 

 some of them become honorary members. The point is to get them to 

 come to the meetings and take part in the work of the Society. I was 

 delighted with Professor Osburn's paper. He has set forth in a clear 

 and concise way the importance of that connection between the practical 

 and the theoretical which can only bring the best results. 



It may be said that there aire three main divisions of the fishing 

 industry. First there is the fisherman, then there is the merchant, the 

 wholesaler and retailer, then there is the scientist. The interests of 

 these three branches have appeared opposed to each other. The fisher- 

 man and the merchant do not pull together ; there is no doubt about 

 that. There has been founded in Canada an association called the 



