Radcliffe. — Division of Fishery Industries 113 



ence to those already more or less sufficiently exploited. Men- 

 tion has already been made of the relationship to fish culture, 

 whereby the statistical canvasses may show the need for and 

 the results of fish culture. 



This brief reference to some of the Bureau's activities is 

 given in the hope that we may have the pleasure of hearing 

 of the excellent work Canada is doing in the upbuilding of her 

 commercial fisheries, and that both may profit by an inter- 

 change of views. 



[At the close of his paper Mr. Radcliffe exhibited samples of essence 

 d'orient, fish meal, shrimp meal, shark and porpoise leather ; also a pair of 

 shoes, one made from cowhide and the other from shark leather.] 



Discussion 



Dr. R. C. Osburn, Columbus, Ohio : Shark hide will wear better, will 

 it not? 



Mr. Radcliffe : I do not know ; that has not yet been determined. I 

 wore a pair last winter and they were very satisfactory. As yet there are 

 no shark hide shoes on the market. 



Dr. Osburn : The porpoise leather is from the porpoise proper, I as- 

 sume, not from the white whale? 



Mr. Radcxiffe : The porpoise, Tursiops tursio. 



Mr. John W. Titcomb, Albany, N. Y. : The fish meal industry has been 

 extended a great deal in the South. Is the fish meal now exhibited made 

 strictly out of the by-products of fish? 



Mr. Radcliffe: On the Atlantic coast it is made of menhaden in es- 

 sentially the same way as fish scrap except that a little more care is exer- 

 cised in using fresh fish and avoiding scorching in the drying. Aft^r dry- 

 ing it is put through a swing hammer grinder to break up the small needle- 

 like bones. It is used for hog feed. It consists of the whole fish, flesh, 

 bones and scales, with the oil extracted. 



Mr. Titcomb: Is it being used as fish food? 



Mr. Radcliffe : Prof. G. C. Embody might know. I am not acquainted 

 with that feature of it. 



Dr. H. M. Smith, Washington, D. C. : I think that Mr. Radcliffe has 

 not brought out what I consider to be a very important feature of the 

 manufacture of fish meal, as distinguished from fish scrap. Fish scrap, 

 as made in the menhaden industry for many years, is used for growing 

 crops, largely for stock feed. Now, this fish meal is given directly to the 

 stock, so that you save a year's time and all the expense in connection 

 with the harvesting and selling of the crop of grain. 



Mr. Radcliffe: I may add that we are working hand in hand with 

 the Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture. That Bureau 



