Huntsman. — Climates of Our Atlantic Waters 331 



arctic species find congenial surroundings far from their usual 

 home. 



We may mention several other types of climate, types that 

 are more natural to the temperate zone in which we are situated. 

 The inlets of the Magdalen shallows, which form the southern 

 part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, have warm estuarial waters 

 and harbor such southern forms as can survive the winter's 

 cold, for example the oyster, A cool bank climate is to be 

 found on the fishing banks off the mainland of Nova Scotia, 

 where the haddock and hake abound. Cool estuarial conditions 

 may be met with in many of the inlets opening into the Bay 

 of Fundy, and as this bay is farther south than the Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence, we have an exemplification of the way in which our 

 waters defy a classification according to latitude. A cold bank 

 climate occurs on the fishing banks off Cape Breton and New- 

 foundland, and its characteristic commercial fish is the cod. 

 Cold coastal conditions are found around Newfoundland and 

 on Labrador, and these favor the presence of the capelin, which 

 in Greenland is said to form the daily bread of the natives. 



We cannot very well overestimate the value of a knowledge 

 of the climate in enabling us to predict what may or may not be 

 done in extending our fisheries and in increasing our stock of 

 fishes. In almost every problem it is a basic consideration. For 

 each of our commercial fishes we must put these questions and 

 seek for the answers to them. In what climate or climates will 

 the species succeed sufficiently well to be profitable ? Where are 

 such climates to be found? Are different climates needed for 

 the different stages in its life history? From the last question 

 it can be seen how complicated the situation may be. It is well 

 known that some fishes spawn in special waters very different 

 from those in which they pass the greater part of their lives. 

 The salmon attains its best development in the coastal waters 

 of the sea, but it must enter fresh water to spawn. The eel 

 thrives in fresh water lakes and ponds often hundreds of miles 

 inland, and yet its eggs must be deposited out in the middle of 

 the ocean. Many, many instances could be given of the move- 



