396 American Fisheries Society 



reached their objective, and be carried downstream, at first 

 fighting powerfully against the force of the current, but later 

 slowing up or again making a rush to reach a protected situa- 

 tion in an eddy or under the lee of some rock. Now if these 

 movements were carried out in a stream which was so dense 

 that it was impossible to see the body of a fish even when 

 near the surface and one could get evidence of position only 

 when the back fin cut the surface, I think it is clear that one 

 might at times note the frequent appearance of fish breaking 

 the surface in the open current. It would, however, be 

 wrong to conclude that these movements were made in con- 

 nection with the regular upstream rush of the fish. They 

 would rather be the appearance of those fish which had been 

 swept ofif their course and were either stopped by the current 

 and forced to the surface, or were being gradually driven 

 downstream, after having been caught by the current and 

 forced out of the usual line of movement up the rapids. 



But the tendency of the fish to move along the banks, de- 

 termined by necessity in the region of the rapids, seems to 

 have been followed in other regions also. In travelling up 

 the Copper River and its tributary, the Klutina River, there 

 was not much opportunity for us to make careful study of 

 this point, but we were camped for two days half a mile below 

 the outlet of Lake Klutina, where the stream is broad and 

 rapid, though not broken and tumultuous. While we were 

 at this point the salmon were passing up regularly and we fre- 

 quently saw them and also heard them jumping in the river at 

 night. Just at the time of our visit the most of the jumping 

 was near the opposite bank, where a projecting point and a 

 little bay behind it made an eddy in which the salmon were 

 abundant. We went up and down the stream to the lak'^ 

 for several days, and in no case did I see a salmon jumping 

 in the center of the stream. They were more abundant along 

 the southwest bank opposite our camp, but they were also 



