56 Dr. Govan on the Natural History and Physical 



or Dhartce range, the scene begins to change more remark- 

 ably. We take leave of the Croton, used for fences at Nahn, 

 and of the Euphorbia, of arboreous girth, of which nume- 

 rous plants, resembling Candelabra, occupy the interstices of 

 the Nahn sandstone. The cultivation of ginger, turmeric, and 

 arum, occupy richly manured artificial flats, where copious 

 irrigation can be most easily applied at the foot of the 

 Dhartee. 



This range contains elevations of from 4000 to 5600 feet 

 above the level of the sea, and consists principally of a rock 

 nearly allied in character to the Nahn sandstone, but consi- 

 derably more compact and indurated; it is of a light bluish 

 grey, sometimes with macula? of a dark purple, — the hills, 

 however, have altogether a different outline, and stratifica- 

 tion is often hardly perceptible. Towards the foot of the 

 range, and at some parts of the summit, either the same 

 mineral acquires a slaty structure, or rests upon a variety of 

 clay slate — the strata of which are frequently nearly ver- 

 tical, but generally with an inclination in the usual di- 

 rection. 



The summits are occasionally capped with sandstone beds 

 of small extent, and also, I believe, with limestone of an 

 earthy fracture, though the latter I have not seen. Large 

 accumulations of a highly indurated reddish clay occuj^y ma- 

 ny places on the north-east face of the range. The mine- 

 ral, I rather think, is grey wacke, and grey wacke slate, or 

 perhaps resting upon clay slate. 



The prevailing vegetable productions are now almost en- 

 tirely changed, — the range is generally little wooded, — the 

 patches of Pinus longifulia — (native name, Cheer) — and Ban, 

 the Quercus of lowest elevation, occupy chiefly the north- 

 east and north-west faces. 



The Andromeda ovalifolia — (Dr. Wallich.) 

 Simplocos racemosa, 

 Morus serrala, 

 Xanthoxylon alatum, 



are common, as well as several arboreous Urticwa:, the Seha- 

 roo, and Beeool, the latter Grewia, a trifoliated species of lihus, 

 the species of lowest level here first makes its appearance. 



