Magnetism. — Meteorology. 367 



11. Magnetic Declination at Paris in 1822 and 1823.— The declination 

 of the needle at Paris, in these years, was, 



1822, Oct. 9th, 22° 11' 1823, Nov. 20th, 22° 23 



The last observed dip of the needle at Paris seems to have been in 1814, 

 when it was 68° 36'. 



METEOROLOGY. 



12. Great Inundation in Sweden and at St Petersburg.— There are few 

 events in the physical world that have excited so much attention, and done 

 so much mischief, as the tempest of the 18th and 19th November 1824, 

 and the extraordinary inundation which accompanied it. 



The storm began on the coasts of England and Holland, and, after hav- 

 ing occasioned numerous shipwrecks on the north coast of Jutland, it ad- 

 vanced to Gottenburg and Stockholm, keeping more and more to the di- 

 rection of N. W- and S. E. ■ ' 



On the 13th and 14th Nov. the barometer at Stockholm fell lower than 

 it had ever been seen, below even that which took place at the great earth- 

 quake of Messina in 1783. On the following days the sky was cloudy and 

 the weather variable ; but on the night of the 18th, and morning of the 

 19th November, a storm arose, which, after wrenching the vessels from 

 their moorings, dashed them against each other unroofed houses and co- 

 vered the road; with uprooted trees. A sheet of the copper roof of the 

 palace of the Princess Sophia, about sixteen yards long, was carried off to 

 Z quare of Gustavus Adolphu, Twenty-five ships, which were lying 

 near the bridge of Munlbron, on Lake Maelar, was carried away with the 



bridge, and submerged. 



Analogous affects were experienced at Gottenburg, Vibourg, and TJde- 

 walla on the 18th. At Udewalla the sea rose eight feet above the great- 

 est elevation, and its motion was so rapid, that many persons had not 

 time to escape. In the higher parts of the town whde houses were car- 

 ried away, and some ships were transported into the fields 4000 feet from 

 their anchorage. One vessel of 150 tons was actually wrecked in the mid- 

 dle of a street. „. . 



At Christiania, on the 18th, at 7»r.M., the waters of the Firth rose 

 suddenly more than three yards above their mean level. After producing 

 terrible destruction, they sunk suddenly below their ordinary level ; but 

 next day they rose again with such rapidity, that a new inundation was 

 apprehended in the lower part of the town, as well as in the fauxbourgs 

 of Waterland and Licrdingen. 



For several days before the tempest appeared at St Petersburg, gusts of 

 wind from the S. W. carried off several roofs in Wassili-Ostrow. On the 

 18th the storm increased, and the waters of the Neva rose to the height of 

 the parapets. At 9" a. m. of the 19th, they quitted their channel, and 

 spread themselves over all the town to such a height, that, on the quay of 

 the Neva, the lamp-posts were not visible. All the wooden-bridges, great 

 and small, were carried away, and the houses inundated to the height of 

 ten feet, and even to the height of five feet in the higher parts of the city. 



