of certain Fishes of the Ganges. 43 



colour. The stomach, which is slightly dilated at its middle, 

 is distinguished from the former by its more muscular parietes, 

 and the red villous appearance of the internal lining coat : to- 

 wards the pylorus, where it is separated from the intestine by 

 a valve, it is contracted in diameter, and is of a white colour. 

 The latter part of the canal exhibits upon its internal surface, 

 short villous processes, arranged in a zigzag manner, and is 

 divided by an annular projection of the internal coat into two 

 portions, of which the last (or the part corresponding to the 

 rectum,) although shorter, is considerably more capacious than 

 the anterior or duodenal portion. The liver is of a narrow 

 elongated figure, attached to the side of the stomach, and has 

 several deep transverse furrows upon its inferior surface : the 

 gall-bladder, which is of an oval shape, lies near its posterior 

 extremity, on side next to the stomach, and sends out a long 

 cystic duct, that opens upon the internal surface of the intes- 

 tine, immediately behind the pylorus. There is a long chain 

 of small quadrangular shaped spleens, covered by a thin re- 

 flection of the peritoneum, and joined at their bases to a blood- 

 vessel of considerable size, which extends throughout their 

 length by the side of the intestine. 



Urinary Organs. The kidneys, as in fishes, are long nar- 

 row glands, of a dark colour, running along the side of the 

 vertebral column, and closely attached to it, as far as the an- 

 terior extremity of the abdomen. The bladder is of an elonga- 

 ted shape, and receives the secretion of the kidneys by two 

 ureters opening into it at its fundus. 



Organs of Generation. Those of the male are two long 

 ducts of a greyish colour, possessing a number of lateral tor- 

 tuous branches, that adhere to the external surface of a part 

 of the first portion of the intestine. In the female there is a 

 single pyriform ovarium, containing numerous ova, of various 

 sizes and colours, apparently in different stages of fecundation ; 

 and hence it may be inferred that the animal is viviparous. 

 They terminate along with the urinary organs in a common 

 cavity, the external outlet of which lies immediately behind 

 the anus. The air-bladder is wanting. 



Bones. The cranium is articulated with the first vertebra 

 by two occipital condyles, one on each side below the foramen 



