156 History of Mechanical Inventions and 



ter in the canal falls, float P falling with it, lifts the weight U, and shuts 

 valve N, and opens valve O ; and then the cylinder FG, falling with the 

 water in ED, opens sluice A, &c. 



This construction may, perhaps, be adopted with advantage on account 

 of its cheapness, where the reservoir is very near the level canal, but a 

 considerable height above it; for a brass wire, one-tenth of an inch dia- 

 meter, will be strong enough for the chain where the distance is short, it 

 having, in any case, little more to lift than twice its own weight. Figure 9, 

 however, seems better adapted to general purposes. 



8. Description of a Breathing-Bump, invented by William Van Houten, 



Junior, Rotterdam. 



Fig. 11, 12 of Plate I. show the interior of two pump cylinders, a and b, 

 joined together, so tint they make one body ; in each of these cylinders is 

 placed a piston c, which are both by the piston-rod d, (passing through 

 the lid e,) attached to the handle f, by means of the small screws g; h is 

 a discharging, i an introduction pipe, with an opening k ; /are two leather 

 elastic tubes, with a horn-band m, in which band is attached a small In- 

 dian-rubber pipe n ; o is an injection-pipe, with a moveable shield p, and 

 (j the screw to fix it; r a blade. 



As soon as the body is taken out of the water the nose and mouth must 

 be properly examined, and, if necessary, cleaned of mud, &c ; meanwhile, 

 the two elastic tubes n are dipped for a moment in warm water, bent, as 

 may be found necessary, and then placed to such a depth in the nose, that 

 the horn-bands m are half in the nostrils, these bands being necessary to 

 prevent the circulation through the pipes being stopped, when the nostrils 

 are held close by the hand of the operator. The pipe o is then put into 

 the mouth, until the shield p is close to the lips ; the latter is shifted ac- 

 cording to the size of the sufferer, and fastened by the screw n, so that tlie 

 pipe may go the required depth into the mouth, with the blade r upon 

 the tongue. 



As soon as the Breathing-Pump is placed in this position by the opera- 

 tor, who holds it in the left hand, another person B must hold the nose and 

 mouth air-tight round the pipe and tubes; the handle of the piston is 

 drawn upwards by the right hand of the operator, and immediately both 

 pistons rise to the top of the cylinders; upon this movement the valves su 

 shut, and / v open ; and while the cylinder a is filled, through the nose, 

 with foul air from the lungs, the cylinder b is filled with fresh or atmos- 

 pheric air through the introduction pipe i, the pistons being pressed down- 

 wards, the valves s u are opened, and tv shut, and while the foul air from 

 the cylinder a is discharged through the pipe b, the atmospheric air, by 

 which the cylinder b was filled, is pressed through the pipe o in the mouth, 

 and consequently into the lungs, and breathing will be immediately re- 

 stored. 



The operator ought to make the strokes as regular as the breath is usual- 

 ly drawn, and proper care must be taken that the stomach and breast be 



