42 FISHES OF THE CONNECTICUT LAKES. 
In the males in late summer the jaws become elongate and distorted, and 
the anterior teeth much enlarged, the body becomes deeper, more compressed 
and arched at the shoulder and the color often nearly black. Usual color dusky 
above, often tinged with olivaceous or bluish; sides and below silvery; head 
dark slaty, usually darker than the body and little spotted; back, dorsal fin, 
and tail usually profusely covered with round black spots (these are some- 
times few and rarely altogether wanting); sides of head and caudal fin with 
a peculiar metallic tin-colored luster; male about spawning season (October) 
blackish, more or less tinged or blotched with dull red. Length 2 to 5 feet; 
usual weight in Columbia River 22 pounds, in the Sacramento 16 to 18 pounds; 
in smaller rivers less, but individuals of 70 to 100 pounds have been caught. 
Easily distinguished from all other Salmonidse in this region by the larger 
number of anal rays. 
This salmon has various names in the east, such as “ California 
salmon,” “ Sacramento salmon,” and “ quinnat salmon,” probably the 
last name the one most generally used. In the west its names are 
even more numerous: “Quinnat salmon,” “ tschaviche,” ‘ king 
salmon,” “Columbia salmon,” “Sacramento salmon,” ‘ chinook 
salmon,” “tyee salmon,” “ tschawytscha.” Perhaps “ chinook ” 
would be the best, as it is in quite general use. In its native waters 
this salmon ascends the streams for many miles, in some instances 
fully 2,000 miles from the sea to spawn. It spawns in October and 
November and then dies, thus spawning but once in its lifetime. 
There have been many attempts to acclimatize this salmon in east- 
ern waters, but without success. There are but 3 authentic reports 
of adult chinooks taken in the east. One was in Lake Ontario a 
number of years ago; the others in Sunapee Lake, New Hampshire, 
and Pierce Pond, Maine, in 1906. When ascending fresh water to 
spawn it does not feed and will not take a hook. In salt water it is 
caught by trolling with artificial lures and bait, such as herring or 
squid. 
In 1904 several thousand fry were planted in First Connecticut 
Lake waters. On July 7 we took in a minnow trap in Mud Pond 
Brook, near the lake, 1 specimen about 2 inches long. These fry are 
distinguishable by the large number of anal rays, though in general 
appearance they greatly resemble a landlocked salmon. They are, 
however, somewhat deeper and relatively shorter. There are 9 or 10 
vertical spot-like parr marks on the side and smaller close-set spots 
on the side of the back. 
15. Lanptockep Satmon. Salmo sebago Girard. 
Plate Ix. 
Head 4.36 in length without caudal; depth 3.58; eye 7.74 in head; snout 3.45; 
maxillary bone 2.09; dorsal 12; anal 9; scales 20—116-21. 
Head comparatively short, bluntly conic; mouth moderate, sharp teeth on 
jaws, vomer and palatines; vomerine teeth in a single row on shaft; distance 
from tip of snout to posterior extremity of maxillary 2.21 in head; lower jaw 
slightly hooked, mandible 1.72 in head; branchiostegals 11 on right side and 12 
on left; gillrakers 8 + 18 on right side, 7 +13 on left, longest 2 in eye. Body 
