FISHES OF THE CONNECTICUT LAKES. 71 
Character of the water.—The color of the water of Second Con- 
necticut Lake was the brownish tint common to these lakes. Its 
temperature at the surface was 2°F. higher than that of the surface 
temperature of First Connecticut Lake at the same time. At the 
bottom depth of 65 feet 50° F. was registered as compared with 46° F. 
on bottom at the same depth in the First Connecticut Lake. Its 
higher temperature is easily accounted for by its relatively greater 
exposure to the sun. 
The conditions of this lake seem to favor a greater amount of 
plankton, both animal and vegetable, than First Connecticut Lake 
supports. The higher temperature, the lesser depths, the greater 
amount of fixed aquatic vegetation, and the character of the inlets 
seem to favor littoral forms. 
THIRD LAKE. 
Shore vegetation—The shores of this lake are covered with black 
spruce (Picea mariana) and yellow birch (Betula lutea), with a 
fringe of arbor vite (Thuja occidentalis) and a scattering of the 
other hard-wood trees of the region. Among these trees is an under- 
growth of shrubs, among which are mountain holly (llicoides mu- 
cronata), sheep laurel (almia angustifolia), withe-rod (Viburnum 
cassinoides), and stag bush (Viburnum prunifolium). Along the 
border of quiet streams were banks of sweet gale (M/yrica gale) and 
rhodora (?hodora canadensis), and along wooded streams the ever- 
present speckled alder (Alnus incana). Ferns of great variety, 
mosses, and both leafy and thalloid liverworts covered the ground, 
mingling with a sparse turf. Vegetation came to the edge of the 
water. The shore line was therefore protected by roots and turf, 
except portions of the western shore, which were rocky. The bottom 
near shore formed a narrow limnetic shelf of sand, 20 feet wide and 
3 feet deep at its outer edge. The further descent is sudden and — 
ran to the general depth of 80 feet. A maximum depth of 103 feet 
was found. 
Fixed aquatic vegetation.—On the limnetic bench were established 
the seven-angled pipewort (Z'viocaulon septangulare), the needle rush 
(Eleocharis acicularis), and the water lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna), 
and on the sudden descent at the edge pond weed (Potamogeton am- 
plifolius and P. nuttallii). There seemed to be no other fixed aquatic 
plants in the lake. The shallower, warmer waters of the inlet har- 
bored aquatic plants not found in the lake itself—horsetail (Z’quise- 
tum levigatum) and bur reed (Sparganium simplex angustifolium) , 
and there flourished here the great yellow pond lily (Vymphwa ad- 
vena) as well as the species of Potamogeton found in the lake. 
The temperature of the rapid water of the streams entering from 
the hills was uniformly 55° F. on August 15, 1904, the same as of 
