AQUATIC PLANTS IN POND CULTURE. a 
each, but since the lilies have taken the place of all other plants the 
annual production has dwindled to less than 2,000 fish to a pond. 
Mr. Seagle is therefore forced to the conclusion that the water-lily is 
a dangerous plant, especially in ponds having soft fertile bottoms, 
and that without the submerged plants successful bass culture is 
impossible. By con- 
trast Chara, with 
its merit of being 
an excellent food 
producer, comes 
into better esteem 
in spite of its ob- 
jectionable = quali- 
ties. 
NORTHVILLE, MICH. 
At the North- 
ville, Mich., station 
pond culture is a 
new feature, the 
ponds having been 
completed but four 
years. Vegetation 
in the form of l'1c 26.—Sweet-scented white water-lily (Castalia odorata). 
Chara took pos- Found in ponds and slow streams, Nova Scotia to Manitoba, 
session of them al- south to Florida and Louisiana. (After Britton & Brown.) 
most immediately. A few other plants have obtained a foothold, 
but not in appreciable quantities. The ponds are devoted to the pro- 
duction of small-mouthed black bass, and the results have been quite 
successful. The superintendent, Mr. Frank N. Clark, states that he 
knows of no other plant than Chara so productive of fish food of 
the sort acceptable to the young bass, and the objectionable characters 
of the plant do not in his opinion offset its merits. 
MAMMOTH SPRING, ARK. 
At the Mammoth Spring, Ark., station, established in 1905, a por- 
tion of the bottoms of three ponds is composed of a heavy muck—the 
remains of an old swamp bed—and in these portions there immedi- 
ately sprang up Chara, Elodea, Ranunculus aquatilis, Ceratophyllum, 
Myriophyllum, and Potamogeton, the relative abundance of each 
being in about the order named. The entirely new ponds and those 
parts of the others newly excavated are of a clay and gravel mixture. 
It appears from the report of the superintendent, Mr. M. F. Staple- 
