22 AQUATIC PLANTS IN POND CULTURE. 
ton, that an attempt was made the first two seasons to establish 
Ranunculus aquatilis and Elodea in these latter, but they were 
crowded out by Chara, and Chara has since then sprung up volun- 
tarily, with results in all ways satisfactory. The superintendent has 
no preference for any particular plants. They are now quite gen- 
erally mixed and all are rank in growth. It is his intention to intro- 
duce Chara in a proposed new pond, because this plant will flourish 
on a poorer soil than the other kinds. 
At this station, on April 30, 1908, a pond 18,000 feet in area was 
stocked with 20,000 (actual count) small-mouth black bass fry. On 
June 24, eight weeks later, there 
GOMNP “Al were removed from this pond 6,000 
é a .  fingerlings, ranging in length from 
3 to 4 inches. The rapid growth 
and large number of fingerlings 
reared is attributed to the presence 
of exceptional quantities of small 
amphipod crustaceans (Gamma- 
‘7us), which are a valuable fish 
food; and the abundance of this 
food, while attributable to the qual- 
ity of the water, seems to be de- 
pendent also upon the presence 
and character of the aquatic vege- 
tation. 
SAN MARCOS, TEX. 
At the San Marcos, Tex., station 
one of the milfoils, Myriophyllum 
heterophyllum, is preferred to all 
Fic. 27.—White water-crow foot (Ra- other water plants. Mr. John L. 
nuncuius agueaiey- In ponds 24 Teary, the superintendent, states 
bia, south to Norta Carolina and Cali- that here some of the water-lilies, 
cates esa ie ad and Asia. Chara, and the cattail (Typha 
latifolia) will, if permitted, crowd 
out all other plants of value, and he regards frogsbit (22Aizoclonium 
horsfordi), because of its exuberant growth, as the most objec- 
tionable of all the plants found in the pond. He believes water 
plants essential in pond culture, but suggests that ponds be con- 
structed with sand and gravel bottoms with the view to keeping them 
free of all aquatic vegetation, except in selected places where the 
plants are to be walled in with concrete, the walled-in portions to be 
filled in with earth of the richness required by the plants selected. 
At the Mill Creek station of the Michigan Fish Commission for the 
propagation of both large-mouth and small-mouth black bass Chara 
