38 History of physical Science from [July, 



gluten ; while the flour from the triticum spelta, which grows on 

 the banks of the Danube, yielded 74 starch and 22 gluten. 



He could detect no gluten in oats ; but he obtained an 

 azotized substance, destitute of elasticity, and having no resem- 

 blance to gluten. Oats contain, besides a saccharine matter, a 

 bitter principle and a fixed oil, of a yellowish green colour. 



Rice furnished him likewise with a fixed oil, with a substance 

 much more saccharine than that furnished by wheat, with a small 

 quantity of albumen, and a great quantity of fecula. Rice may 

 be made to ferment by means of leaven ; but the bread formed 

 of it is but little raised. — {Annals of Philosophy, ix. 314.) 



Vogel could not succeed in making good bread by means of 

 carbonic acid, as Edlin affirmed he had done. The following 

 experiment, which I conceive to be of a similar nature, was 

 successfully performed by a friend of mine. A quantity of 

 carbonate of soda and of muriatic acid, just capable of neutral- 

 izing each other, and of forming the proportion of common salt 

 usually mixed with a loaf of bread in this country, were weighed 

 out separately. The carbonate of soda was dissolved in water, 

 and this solution was well kneaded with the dough. The 

 muriatic acid was then diluted with water and hastily kneaded 

 with the same dough. The dough was now baked. It formed 

 a loaf very well raised, and as good in every respect as common 

 bread. The gentleman who performed this experiment was a 

 baker by profession. 



9. Rice. — M. Braconnot has published an elaborate analysis 

 of rice. I have room here only for the table exhibiting the con- 

 stituents, which he detected in two specimens of rice subjected 

 to analysis. 



Carolina rice. 



Water 5-00 7-00 



Starch 85-07 83-80 



Parenchyma 4-80 4-80 



Vegeto-animal matter 3-60 3-60 



Incrystallizable sugar . 0*29 0*05 



Gummy matter approaching starch . . 0-71 0-10 



Oil 0-13 0-25 



Phosphate of lime 0-40 0-40 



Muriate of potash "") 



Phosphate of potash j 



Acetic acid ! Trace Trace 



Vegetable salt with base of lime j " " " 

 Ditto with base of potash 



Sulphur 



100-00 100-00 



(Ann. de Chim et de Phys. iv. 370.) 



