ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY; 



OR, MAGAZINE OF 



CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, MECHANICS, 



NATURAL HISTORY, 

 AGRICULTURE, AND THE ARTS. 



BY THOMAS THOMSON, M.D. F.R.S. L. & E. F.L.S. 



REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, 



MEMBER OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, OF THE WERNERIAN SOCIETY, AND OF THE 



IMPERIAL MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL ACADEMY OF FETERSBURGn ; 



ARTHUR AIKIN, F.L.S. member of the geological society, secretary to 



THE SOCIETY FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, 

 AND COMMERCE; AND 



JOHN BOSTOCK, M.D. F.R.S. member of the geological society, &c &c 



VOL. XII. 



JULY TO DECEMBER, 1818. 



Printed by C. Baldwin, A'eir Bridge-street ; 



FOR BALDWIN, CRADOCK, AND JOY, 



47, PATERNOSTER -ItOW. 



1818. 



