334 Mr. Winch on the Geography of Plants. [May, 



changed into petals ; and copetalary, those in which the corolla 

 is multiplied, and in which the stamens are transformed into 

 simple or multiplied petals, the pistil continuing in its natural 

 state ; olopetalary, where the whole, or part of the integuments, 

 of the stamens, and of the pistils, are all transformed into petals or 

 petaloid lobes ; agynary, where the integuments and the stamens 

 being multiplied, or transformed, compose all the flower, and in 

 which the pistil is wanting ; anandrary, in which the teguments 

 and the pistils being multiplied or transformed, compose all the 

 flower, and w r here the stamens are wanting. 



The transformed flowers may, in the same manner, be distin- 

 guished by the epithets bracteary, calycinary, corollary, &c. 

 according as the change occurs in the bractea, the calyx, the 

 corolla, &c. With respect to the compound flowers, they may 

 be stamens, or pistils ; perigoniary, those in which the change 

 takes place by the change of both the calyx and corolla at the 

 same time ; androgynary, those in which the transformation is 

 produced upon both the organs of fructification without the 

 integuments being altered ; corniculated, or antherogenary, 

 those in which the anthers alone are transformed into petals ; 

 semi-staminary, where one portion only is changed into petals ; 

 hemigoniary, where a part of both the organs of fructification is 

 distinguished into the liguliferous and the tubiferous, accord- 

 ing as they are transformed into tongues or into enlarged tubes. 



By means of these few technical terms, we may be able to 

 describe with ease and precision all the modifications of double 

 flowers. The florist may have it in his power to describe with 

 accuracy the objects of his cultivation ; the physiologist may 

 more easily investigate the causes which produce these changes; 

 and the botanist may at once determine what relation double 

 flowers bear to others of the same genus. 



Article III. 



On the Geography of Plants. By N. J. Winch, Esq. 

 (To the Editors of the Annals of Philosophy.) 



GENTLEMEN, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Jan. 9, 1818. 



Notwithstanding the progress that has been made of late 

 years in the study of the geography of plants on the Continent, I 

 am not aware that any of our own botanists have given the result 

 of their observations on this highly interesting and novel subject 

 to the public. The inaugural thesis of Dr Boue, of Geneva, 

 printed at Edinburgh last year, distributes the Scotch plants in 

 a masterly way ; but the flora of England, though thoroughly 

 known and admirably described, has not as yet been subjected 



