1822.] the Sources of the Rivers Ganges and Jumna,’ 35 
about 3+ feet wide; the space between the pine spars is overlaid 
with small deal shingles which are tied together so as to form 
a platform. Like all the rest, this sangha is open on both sides, 
and unpleasant to pass, being from the length and elasticity of 
the pines so springy as to rebound to every step the passenger 
takes. The river below the sangha was deep, and very rapid, 
being confined by rocks. Its breadth under the sangha, as 
measured by a chain, was 50 feet; height of the sangha above 
the stream 30 feet. The river is more expanded above and 
below. Sanghas are always placed in the narrowest parts. 
Tent at Dangal, a small flat so called on the left bank of the 
Ganges, and at the confluence of the Limea, a large torrent. No 
village here. The halting place is surrounded by high and steep 
-rocky mountains, and mural precipices; observed some bears 
climbing among the rocks. 
Time of marching five hours and 48 minutes ; a very laborious 
journey. The path is very rough, and merely a succession of 
steps from one broken crag to another; some places very diffi- 
cult. To the Ganges was descent; then we passed along its 
bank at no great height above the stream, which, though not 
wide, is deep and impetuous, falling from rock to rock. In the 
less rapid parts pools are formed, where the breadth may be 200 
feet, but generally it appears from 100 to 120 feet wide ; several 
rills besides those noted above, fall into the river ; it is needless 
to say, that they fall in cataracts, the sides of the river being 
every where bounded by high cliffs. The rocks are granite, of 
much the same composition as on yesterday’s march. The di 
of the strata is about 45° towards NE. as usual, and the whole 
line of inclination is visible from the river to a great height above. 
Water boils at 202°, the temperature of the air being 54°. On 
our return, the barometer was deranged at this place. It is to 
be remarked that on going up, we did not fill the barometers, 
fearing they might be broken, and the mercury spilt, of which 
we had very little; our store of it having been dimmmished by 
those various accidents to which every thing that can be lost or 
broken in these rough regions is subject. Of these barometers 
more hereafter. 
Lofty cliffs on both sides of the river ; path generally a slight 
ascent, but rocky and difficult. 
Narai peak crowned with snow. 
Cross the river on a sangha at Deorani Ghati; it is anew and 
good bridge of the kind, but long and very elastic. Height 
above the stream 40 feet ; breadth of stream under the sangha 
30 paces, or about 60 feet. The high flood mark of the stream 
when swollen, appears to be about 14 feet above the present level. 
A wild and savage looking place. Precipice around, granite 
and some black and grey rock of a laminar texture. Rocky 
path from last station. Pines of various kinds, and the true deal 
D2 
